Search result: Catalogue data in Autumn Semester 2016

Earth Sciences Master Information
Major in Geology
Compulsory Module in Analytical Methods in Earth Sciences
Students have to complete 6 credits in part A, and 6 credits in part B.
Part A: Microscopy Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4045-00LMicroscopy of Metamorphic RocksW+2 credits2GP. Nievergelt
AbstractRepetition of methods using optic properties of crystals and the polarising microscope.
Identification of minerals and metamorphic parageneses.
Description and interpretation of microstructures.
Age relationship of crystallisation and deformation.
Estimation of metamorphic grade.
Objective- Advanced knowledge in optical mineralogy
- Application of methods to determine minerals in thin sections
- Identification and characterisation of metamorphic minerals
- Description of rocks. Derive correct petrographic rock name, based on modal abundance and microstructure/texture
- Interpretation of rock fabric/microstructure, parageneses and mineral reactions
Content- Repetition of principal optical properties and of microscopic methods to identify minerals. Emphasis on interpretation of interference figures.
- Study typical metamorphic rocks in thin sections
- Description and interpretation of parageneses and texture/microstructures. Study the age relationship of crystallisation and deformation.
- Estimation of metamorphic grade
- Quantification: To determine volume percentage of rock components
- Scientific documentation: Descriptions, drawings, photomicrography using different kinds of illumination and using plane- or circular-polarised light.
Lecture noteshandouts with additional information on theory and for exercises, in English.
To brush up knowledge in optical mineralogy read the relevant chapters in the book of W.D. Nesse (2004).
Literature- Nesse, W.D.: Introduction to optical mineralogy. 3. Ed. (2004). Figures from this book will be used in lectures. Besides the theory, this book describes all optical properties of important minerals. Petrographers working on varying types of silicate rocks should have a look at this book.
-Yardley, B.W.D., Mackenzie, W.S. und Guilford, C. (1990): Atlas of metamorphic rocks and their textures. Longman Scientific. With nice pictures.
Also available in the D-ERDW library, NO building, on D-floor.
- Vernon, R.H. (2004): A practical guide to rock microstructures. Cambridge Univ. Press. 594 pages. Includes color photos and a glossary.
Prerequisites / NoticeNumber of participants 24.
Participants should have basic knowledge in crystallography, mineralogy and petrology, and have taken practical courses in microscopy of thin sections, as well as lectures in metamorphic petrology and structural geology!

Other microscopy courses at department D-ERDW are on:
- magmatic rocks, following this course in second half of semester (P. Ulmer, IGP; Inst. for Geochemistry and Petrology)
- sedimentary rocks (Geol. Institute)
- ore minerals (reflected light microscopy, Th. Driesner, IGP)
- microstructures, deformed rocks (Geol. Institute)
651-4047-00LMicroscopy of Magmatic RocksW+2 credits2GP. Ulmer
AbstractThis course provides basic knowledge in microscopy of igneous rocks. Apart from the identification of common igneous minerals in thin sections, mineral assemblages, textures and structures will be investigated and the results of microscopy will be combined with igneous phase equilibria to understand generation, differentiation and emplacement of igneous rocks.
ObjectiveThe principal goal of this course is to acquire expertise in :
(1) optical determination of minerals in igneous rocks using the polarizing microscope
(2) Identification of igneous rocks basing on modal mineralogy, structure and texture;
(3) Interpretation of textures and structures and associated igneous processes;
(4) Application of igneous phase diagrams to natural rocks.
ContentThis practical course bases on the course 'Microscopy of metamorphic rocks' (P. Nievergelt), that is taught immediately before this course, where basic knowledge in optical mineralogy and the use of the polarizing microscope is acquired.
In this course, the most important (common) igneous minerals and rocks are studied in thin sections under the polarizing microscope. Mineral assemblages, structures, textures and crystallization sequences are determined and utilized to understand the generation, differentiation and emplacement of igneous rocks. In addition, we will apply igneous phase equilibria that have been introduced in other lectures (such as magmatism and volcanism at ETH/Uni Zurich or an equivalent igneous petrology course) to natural rock samples in order to constrain qualitatively parental magma compositions and crystallization conditions.
The range of investigated rocks encompasses mantle rocks, tholeiitic, calc-alkaline and alkaline plutonic and volcanic rocks that contain the most common igneous minerals.
Lecture notesBasis of the optical determinations of (igneous) minerals using the polarizing microscope are the tables of Tröger ('Optische Bestimmung der gesteinsbildenden Minerale', Optical determination of rock-forming minerals, 1982) that are available in sufficient volumes in the class room.
Some loose sheets will be distributed during the lecture providing additional information and templates for thin section descriptions.
Additionally, I recommend the lecture notes of H.-G- Stosch (University of Karlsruhe, in German) that can be provided in printed form upon request.
LiteratureThere are several good textbooks on the subject of ´mineralogy in thin sections´ that I can suggest upon request.
Prerequisites / NoticeThis course does not include an introduction in optical mineralogy and the use of a polarizing microscope and, therefore, bases on the course ¨Microscopy of metamorphic rocks¨ taught by P. Nievergelt immediately before this course where these basic principles are provided. Alternatively, e.g. for external students, an equivalent course is required to follow this practical course.

Other microscope courses taught at ETH Zurich at the D-ERDW are:
Microscopy of metamorphic rocks (P. Nievergelt, required for this course)
Microscopy of sedimentary rocks (W. Winkler & Blaesi)
Reflected light microscopy and ore deposits practical (T. Driesner)
Microstructures (deformation structures, B. Cordnonnier)
651-4051-00LReflected Light Microscopy and Ore Deposits PracticalW+2 credits2PT. Driesner
AbstractIntroduction to reflected light microscopy. Use of the microscope. Identification of opaque minerals through the used of tables.
Description of textures and paragenetic sequences.
Given Participants should attend in parallel with Ore Deposits I (651-4037-00L).
ObjectiveRecognition of the most important ore minerals in polished section, interpretation of mineral textures in geologcal context
ContentIntroduction to reflected light microscopy as a petrographic technique. Leaning main diagnstic criteria. Study of small selection of important and characteristic minerals. Interpreting polished (thin) sections as exercise
Lecture notesTo be handed out in class
Prerequisites / NoticeCredits and mark based on independent description of selected sample(s) towards the end of the course
651-4113-00LSedimentary Petrography and MicroscopyW+2 credits2GV. Picotti, M. G. Fellin
AbstractMicroscopy of carbonate (1st half of semester) and sliciclastic rocks (2nd half) rocks as well as siliceous, phosphatic and evaporitic sediements.
ObjectiveDescription of grains and cement/matrix, texture, classification of the main sedimentary rocks. Discussion and interpretation of the environment of sedimentation. Diagenetic Processes.
ContentMicroscopy of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, siliceous and phosphatic rocks, their origin and classification. Diagenesis.
Lecture notesEnglish textbooks recommended
LiteratureTucker, M.E. (2001): Sedimentary Petrology-An introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks, 3rd Editition. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 262 p.
Prerequisites / NoticeThe earlier attendance of other MSc microscopy courses (e.g. magmatic and metamorphic rocks) is not required if during the BSc a general course on microscopy of rocks was completed.
Part B: Methods
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4055-00LAnalytical Methods in Petrology and GeologyW+3 credits2GE. Reusser, S. Bernasconi, L. Zehnder
AbstractPractical work in analytical chemistry for Earth science students.
ObjectiveKnowledge of some analytical methods used in Earth sciences.
ContentIntroduction to analytical chemistry and atom physics.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS), Mass spectroscopy for light isotopes.
Lecture notesShort handouts for each analytical method.
651-4117-00LSediment AnalysisW+3 credits2GM. G. Fellin, A. Gilli, V. Picotti
AbstractAims, usefulness and theoretical background of methods for sediment analysis.
ObjectiveThe course offers a series of basic methods useful for the analysis of sediments. It is also offered to apply these methods on material collected for the the students Master or PhD projects.
ContentStaining of thin sections for feldspar and carbonate, peels of carbonate rocks, modal analysis of siliciclastic rocks, calcimetry and organic carbon measurement, heavy mineral analysis, cold cathodoluminescence microscopy of carbonate rocks, simple clay mineral separation, exoscopy of quartz grains.
Lecture notesFor the various analytical methods English texts are available from text books and scientific publications.
LiteratureBOUMA. A.H. (1969): Methods for the study of sedimentary structures. Wiley-Interscience, 458 p.
CARVER, R.E. (Ed.) (1971): Procedures in sedimentary petrology. Wiley-Interscience, 653 p.
TUCKER, M. (Ed.) (1988): Techniques in sedimentology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 394 p.
MANGE, M. A. & MAURER, H. F. (1992): Heavy minerals in colour, Chapman & Hall, 147 p.

and various journal papers
Prerequisites / NoticeIt is desirable but not excluding that the students bring their own material (Master or PhD project) for some of the analytical methods.
651-4031-00LGeographic Information Systems Restricted registration - show details
Number of participants limited to 60.
W+3 credits4GA. Baltensweiler, M. Hägeli-Golay
AbstractIntroduction to the architecture and data processing capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS). Practical application of spatial data modeling and geoprocessing functions to a selected project from the earth sciences.
ObjectiveKnowledge of the basic architecture and spatial data handling capabilities of geographic information systems.
ContentTheoretical introduction to the architecture, modules, spatial data types and spatial data handling functions of geographic information systems (GIS). Application of data modeling principles and geoprocessing capabilities using ArcGIS: Data design and modeling, data acquisition, data integration, spatial analysis of vector and raster data, particular functions for digital terrain modeling and hydrology, map generation and 3D-visualization.
Lecture notesIntroduction to Geographic Information Systems, Tutorial: Introduction to ArcGIS Desktop
LiteratureLongley, P. A., M. F. Goodchild, D. J. Maguire, and D. W. Rhind (2015): Geographic Information Systems and Science. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.

DeMers, M. N. (2009): Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J., USA.
651-4063-00LX-ray Powder Diffraction Restricted registration - show details
Number of participants limited to 12.
W+3 credits2GM. Plötze
AbstractIn the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters.
ObjectiveUpon successful completion of this course students are able to:
- describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis
- carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently,
- critically assess the data,
- communicate the results in a scientific report.
ContentFundamental principles of X-ray diffraction
Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers
Interpretation of powder diffraction data
Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis)
Lecture notesSelected handouts will be made available in the lecture
LiteratureALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003.
DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (Link)
PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009.
(Link)
Prerequisites / NoticeThe course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data.
Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential.
The lecture course is limited to 12 participants.
Restricted Choice Modules Geology
A minimum of two restricted choice modules must be completed for the major Geology.
Palaeoclimatology
Palaeoclimatology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4057-00LClimate History and PalaeoclimatologyW+3 credits2GS. Bernasconi, B. Ausin Gonzalez, A. Fernandez Bremer, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course "Climate history and paleoclimatology gives an overview on climate through geological time and it provides insight into methods and tools used in paleoclimate research.
ObjectiveThe student will have an understanding of evolution of climate and its major forcing factors -orbital, atmosphere chemistry, tectonics- through geological time. He or she will understand interaction between life and climate and he or she will be familiar with the use of most common geochemical climate "proxies", he or she will be able to evaluate quality of marine and terrestrial sedimentary paleoclimate archives. The student will be able to estimate rates of changes in climate history and to recognize feedbacks between the biosphere and climate.
ContentClimate system and earth history - climate forcing factors and feedback mechanisms of the geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.

Geological time, stratigraphy, geological archives, climate archives, paleoclimate proxies

Climate through geological time: "lessons from the past"

Cretaceous greenhouse climate

The Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Cenozoic Cooling

Onset and Intensification of Southern Hemisphere Glaciation

Onset and Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation

Pliocene warmth

Glacial and Interglacials

Millennial-scale climate variability during glaciations

The last deglaciation(s)

The Younger Dryas

Holocene climate - climate and societies
Palaeoclimatology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4043-00LSedimentology II: Biological and Chemical Processes in Lacustrine and Marine Systems
Prerequisite: Successful completion of the MSc-course "Sedimentology I" (651-4041-00L).
W3 credits2GV. Picotti, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course will focus on biological amd chemical aspects of sedimentation in marine environments. Marine sedimentation will be traced from coast to deep-sea. The use of stable isotopes palaeoceanography will be discussed. Neritic, hemipelagic and pelagic sediments will be used as proxies for environmental change during times of major perturbations of climate and oceanography.
Objective-You will understand chemistry and biology of the marine carbonate system
-You will be able to relate carbonate mineralogy with facies and environmental conditions
-You will be familiar with cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-You will see carbonate and organic-carbon rich sediments as part of the global carbon cycle
-You will be able to recognize links between climate and marine carbonate systems (e.g. acidification of oceans and reef growth)
-You will be able to use geological archives as source of information on global change
-You will have an overview of marine sedimentation through time
Content-carbonates,: chemistry, mineralogy, biology
-carbonate sedimentation from the shelf to the deep sea
-carbonate facies
-cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-organic-carbon and black shales
-C-cycle, carbonates, Corg : CO2 sources and sink
-Carbonates: their geochemical proxies for environmental change: stable isotopes, Mg/Ca, Sr
-marine sediments thorugh geological time
-carbonates and evaporites
-lacustrine carbonates
-economic aspects of limestone
Lecture notesno script. scientific articles will be distributed during the course
LiteratureWe will read and critically discuss scientific articles relevant for "biological and chemical processes in marine and lacustrine systems"
Prerequisites / NoticeThe grading of students is based on in-class exercises and end-semester examination.
Sedimentology
Sedimentology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4041-00LSedimentology I: Physical Processes and Sedimentary SystemsW+3 credits2GV. Picotti
AbstractSediments preserved a record of past landscapes. This courses focuses on understanding the processes that modify sedimentary landscapes with time and how we can read this changes in the sedimentary record.
ObjectiveThe students learn basic concepts of modern sedimentology and stratigraphy in the context of sequence stratigraphy and sea level change. They discuss the advantages and pitfalls of the method and look beyond. In particular we pay attention to introducing the importance of considering entire sediment routing systems and understanding their functionning.
ContentDetails on the program will be handed out during the first lecture.

We will attribute the papers for presentation on the 26th, so please be here on that day!
LiteratureThe sedimentary record of sea-level change
Angela Coe, the Open University.
Cambridge University Press
Prerequisites / NoticeThe grading of students is based on in-class exercises and end-semester examination.
651-4043-00LSedimentology II: Biological and Chemical Processes in Lacustrine and Marine Systems
Prerequisite: Successful completion of the MSc-course "Sedimentology I" (651-4041-00L).
W+3 credits2GV. Picotti, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course will focus on biological amd chemical aspects of sedimentation in marine environments. Marine sedimentation will be traced from coast to deep-sea. The use of stable isotopes palaeoceanography will be discussed. Neritic, hemipelagic and pelagic sediments will be used as proxies for environmental change during times of major perturbations of climate and oceanography.
Objective-You will understand chemistry and biology of the marine carbonate system
-You will be able to relate carbonate mineralogy with facies and environmental conditions
-You will be familiar with cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-You will see carbonate and organic-carbon rich sediments as part of the global carbon cycle
-You will be able to recognize links between climate and marine carbonate systems (e.g. acidification of oceans and reef growth)
-You will be able to use geological archives as source of information on global change
-You will have an overview of marine sedimentation through time
Content-carbonates,: chemistry, mineralogy, biology
-carbonate sedimentation from the shelf to the deep sea
-carbonate facies
-cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-organic-carbon and black shales
-C-cycle, carbonates, Corg : CO2 sources and sink
-Carbonates: their geochemical proxies for environmental change: stable isotopes, Mg/Ca, Sr
-marine sediments thorugh geological time
-carbonates and evaporites
-lacustrine carbonates
-economic aspects of limestone
Lecture notesno script. scientific articles will be distributed during the course
LiteratureWe will read and critically discuss scientific articles relevant for "biological and chemical processes in marine and lacustrine systems"
Prerequisites / NoticeThe grading of students is based on in-class exercises and end-semester examination.
Sedimentology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4901-00LQuaternary Dating Methods Information W3 credits2GI. Hajdas, S. Ivy Ochs
AbstractReconstruction of time scales is critical for all Quaternary studies in both Geology and Archeology. Various methods are applied depending on the time range of interest and the archive studied. In this lecture we focus on the six methods that are most frequently used for dating Quaternary sediments and landforms.
ObjectiveStudents will be made familiar with the details of the six dating methods through lectures on basic principles, analysis of case studies, solving of problem sets for age calculation and visits to dating laboratories.

At the end of the course students will:
1. understand the fundamental principles of the most frequently used dating methods for Quaternary studies.
2. be able to calculate an age based on data of the six methods studied.
3. choose which dating method (or combination of methods) is suitable for a certain field problem.
4. critically read and evaluate the application of dating methods in scientific publications.
Content1. Introduction: Time scales for the Quaternary, Isotopes and decay
2. Radiocarbon dating: principles and applications
3. Cosmogenic nuclides: 3He,10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Cl, 36Cl
4. U-series disequilibrium dating
5. Luminescence dating
5. K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating of lava flows and ash layers
6. Cs-137 and Pb-210 (soil, sediments, ice core)
7. Summary and comparison of results from several dating methods at specific sites
Prerequisites / NoticeVisit to radiocarbon lab, cosmogenic nuclide lab, noble gas lab, accelerator (AMS) facility.

Required attending the lecture, visiting laboratories, handing back solutions for problem sets (Excercises)
651-4063-00LX-ray Powder Diffraction Restricted registration - show details
Number of participants limited to 12.
W3 credits2GM. Plötze
AbstractIn the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters.
ObjectiveUpon successful completion of this course students are able to:
- describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis
- carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently,
- critically assess the data,
- communicate the results in a scientific report.
ContentFundamental principles of X-ray diffraction
Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers
Interpretation of powder diffraction data
Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis)
Lecture notesSelected handouts will be made available in the lecture
LiteratureALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003.
DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (Link)
PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009.
(Link)
Prerequisites / NoticeThe course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data.
Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential.
The lecture course is limited to 12 participants.
Structural Geology
Structural Geology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4132-00LField Course IV: Non Alpine Field Course Restricted registration - show details
Does not take place this semester.
Number of participants limited to 24.
W+3 credits6PJ.‑P. Burg
AbstractField Course to Oman. The students will produce a geological map write and a complementing field report.
Objective
Prerequisites / NoticeSuccessful participation in Field Courses I-III.
Structural Geology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4003-00LNumerical Modelling of Rock DeformationW3 credits2GM. Frehner
AbstractIntroduction to the programming software Matlab.
Learning and understanding the continuum mechanics equations describing rock deformation.
Mathematical equations describing rock rheology: elasticity + viscosity.
Introduction to the finite-element method for modeling rock deformation in 2D.
A small applied project-work at the end of the semester will be tailored to the student's interest.
ObjectiveAt the end of this course, the students should be able to
- Use Matlab for their future needs (e.g., for their MSc Thesis)
- Understand the fundamental concept of the finite-element method
- Apply the finite-element method to successfully work on a small project tailored to the student's interests.

In addition, innovative methods will be applied to mark the performance in the course, which includes self-evaluation and peer-evaluation among the students. Therefore, some soft-skills will be required and trained as well, such as
- honest self-evaluation and self-grading
- providing honest feedback to a colleague in a tone that is acceptable
- receiving feedback from a colleague without taking criticism personal
- learning the procedure of scientific peer-evaluation
ContentIntroduction to Matlab
Continuum mechanics equations necessary to describe rock deformation
Rheological equations: elasticity + viscous materials
Introduction to the finite-element method (in 1D)
Numerical integration + isoparametric elements
Going to 2D finite elements
Finite-element method for 2D elasticity
Stress calculation + visualization
Finite-element method for 2D viscous materials
Heterogeneous media
Final project-based work tailored to the student's interest.

A substantial part of the lecture will take place in the computer-lab, where numerical finite element codes will be applied. The used software is Matlab. Students may bring their own laptop with a pre-installed copy of Matlab.
Lecture notesThe script is very diverse and ranges from PowerPoint-based pdf-files, to self-study tutorials. Also, the more theoretical and mathematical aspects will be explained on the black board without a proper script.

All lecture-presentations, as well as the numerical codes, will be made available to the students online.
LiteratureThere is no mandatory literature. The following literature is recomended:

Turcotte D.L. and Schubert G., 2002: Geodynamics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-66624-4

Pollard D.D. and Fletcher R.C., 2005: Fundamentals of Structural Geology, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-83927-0

Ranalli G., 1995: Rheology of the Earth, Chapman & Hall, ISBN 0-412-54670-1

Smith I.M. and Griffiths D.V., 2004: Programming the Finite Element Method, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, ISBN 978-0-470-849-70-5

Zienkiewicz O.C. and Taylor R.L., 2000: The Finite Element Method - Volume 1: The Basis, Butterworth Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-5049-4
Prerequisites / NoticeA good knowledge of linear algebra is expected.

The used software is Matlab. So, knowledge of Matlab is advantageous. Students may bring their own laptop with a pre-installed copy of Matlab.
651-4111-00LRock Physics Information W3 credits2GA. S. Zappone, K. Kunze, C. Madonna
AbstractThe modern discipline of Rock Physics serves as a bridge between traditional Rock Mechanics and traditional Rock Physical Property measurement. Through understanding the physics of the process, we strive to better understand other related fields such as structural geology and geophysics.
ObjectiveThe objective of this course is to introduce Rock Physics as a laboratory and interpretive tool.
ContentThe course will consists of regular classes, with a small number of laboratory demonstrations made on an ad-hoc basis (depending on equipment and research objective schedules at the Rock Deformation Laboratory). The course will cover measurements of physical properties of rock such as density, porosity, permeability and elastic wave velocity, and will introduce the concept of seismic seismic anisotropy etc. Later we will cover rock deformation in the brittle field, earthquake physics and triggering. Finally we will discuss scale effects as we move from small scale laboratory environment to the scale of the geophysical investigation.
Prerequisites / NoticeUndergraduate courses in the following subjects are highly recommended in order to get the most out of this specialist course:

- Basic structural Geology
- Geophysics
651-3521-00LTectonicsW3 credits2VJ.‑P. Burg, E. Kissling
AbstractComprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales. Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system.
ObjectiveComprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales.
Assessment of mechanisms responsible for plate movements (the Earth as a heat transfer machine, dynamics of earth mantle, plate driving forces) and subsequent large-scale structures (oceanic basins and cycle of the oceanic lithosphere, convergence and mountain systems and continental growth, etc) through theoretical and experimental information.
Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system.
ContentPlate tectonic frame work: earth cooling and mantle-plate interaction, three kinds of plate boundaries and their roles and characteristics, cycle of oceanic lithosphere, longlifety and growth of continents, supercontinents.
Rheology of layered lithosphere and upper mantle.
Obduction systems
Collisions systems
Extensional systems
Basin evolution
Passive and active continental margin evolution
Lecture notesDetailed scriptum in digital form and additional learning moduls (Link) available on the intranet.
LiteratureCondie, K. C. 1997. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
Cox, A. & Hart, R. B. 1986. Plate tectonics. How it works. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Dewey, J. F. 1977. Suture zone complexities: A review. Tectonophysics 40, 53-67.
Dewey, J. F., Pitman III, W. C., Ryan, W. B. F. & Bonin, J. 1973. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, 3137-3180.
Kearey, P. & Vine, F. J. 1990. Global tectonics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Park, R. G. 1993. Geological structures and moving plates. Chapman & Hall, Glasgow.
Turcotte, D. L. & Schubert, G. 2002. Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Windley, B. F. 1995. The evolving continents. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry: Compulsory Courses
The compulsory courses of the module take place in spring semester.
Biogeochemistry: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4058-00LBasics of Palaeobotany (University of Zurich)
Does not take place this semester.
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: BIO280

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W3 credits2GUniversity lecturers
AbstractThe course "Basics in Palaeobotany" gives an overview on the evolution and palaeobiology of plants and their relevance for the reconstruction of past environments.
ObjectiveOn successful completion of the module, the students should be able to explain how plants are preserved in the fossil record, to describe the morphology of plant mega fossils, and of spores and pollen. They can describe how plant fossils can be used for reconstructing palaeoenvironments. Students should be able to explain the interactions between evolution of plants, climate and physical environment and they will be able to integrate the dimension of geological time into their understanding of biological events.
Content-Preservation of plants in the fossil record.
-First evidence for plants on Earth
-The conquest of the continents by plants
-Major adaptation and innovations leading to the present plant diversity
-The evolution and morphology of the major plant groups
-Plant associations through geological time and their palaeogeographic and stratigraphic relevance
-Mass extinctions and the fossil plant record
-Interaction between past vegetation and climate
-The relevance of plant microfossils for reconstruction of palaeoclimate and palaeoecology
651-4043-00LSedimentology II: Biological and Chemical Processes in Lacustrine and Marine Systems
Prerequisite: Successful completion of the MSc-course "Sedimentology I" (651-4041-00L).
W3 credits2GV. Picotti, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course will focus on biological amd chemical aspects of sedimentation in marine environments. Marine sedimentation will be traced from coast to deep-sea. The use of stable isotopes palaeoceanography will be discussed. Neritic, hemipelagic and pelagic sediments will be used as proxies for environmental change during times of major perturbations of climate and oceanography.
Objective-You will understand chemistry and biology of the marine carbonate system
-You will be able to relate carbonate mineralogy with facies and environmental conditions
-You will be familiar with cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-You will see carbonate and organic-carbon rich sediments as part of the global carbon cycle
-You will be able to recognize links between climate and marine carbonate systems (e.g. acidification of oceans and reef growth)
-You will be able to use geological archives as source of information on global change
-You will have an overview of marine sedimentation through time
Content-carbonates,: chemistry, mineralogy, biology
-carbonate sedimentation from the shelf to the deep sea
-carbonate facies
-cool-water and warm-water carbonates
-organic-carbon and black shales
-C-cycle, carbonates, Corg : CO2 sources and sink
-Carbonates: their geochemical proxies for environmental change: stable isotopes, Mg/Ca, Sr
-marine sediments thorugh geological time
-carbonates and evaporites
-lacustrine carbonates
-economic aspects of limestone
Lecture notesno script. scientific articles will be distributed during the course
LiteratureWe will read and critically discuss scientific articles relevant for "biological and chemical processes in marine and lacustrine systems"
Prerequisites / NoticeThe grading of students is based on in-class exercises and end-semester examination.
651-4057-00LClimate History and PalaeoclimatologyW3 credits2GS. Bernasconi, B. Ausin Gonzalez, A. Fernandez Bremer, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course "Climate history and paleoclimatology gives an overview on climate through geological time and it provides insight into methods and tools used in paleoclimate research.
ObjectiveThe student will have an understanding of evolution of climate and its major forcing factors -orbital, atmosphere chemistry, tectonics- through geological time. He or she will understand interaction between life and climate and he or she will be familiar with the use of most common geochemical climate "proxies", he or she will be able to evaluate quality of marine and terrestrial sedimentary paleoclimate archives. The student will be able to estimate rates of changes in climate history and to recognize feedbacks between the biosphere and climate.
ContentClimate system and earth history - climate forcing factors and feedback mechanisms of the geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.

Geological time, stratigraphy, geological archives, climate archives, paleoclimate proxies

Climate through geological time: "lessons from the past"

Cretaceous greenhouse climate

The Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Cenozoic Cooling

Onset and Intensification of Southern Hemisphere Glaciation

Onset and Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation

Pliocene warmth

Glacial and Interglacials

Millennial-scale climate variability during glaciations

The last deglaciation(s)

The Younger Dryas

Holocene climate - climate and societies
Open Choice Modules Geology
Basin Analysis
Basin Analysis: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4231-00LBasin AnalysisW+3 credits2GS. Willett, T. I. Eglinton, M. Lupker
AbstractThe course discusses the formation and development of different basin types as part of lithosphere geodynamics. It introduces conceptual models and governing physics, with practical application to the study of basin evolution. Techniques for the analysis of subsidence and thermal history are demonstrated. Organic matter, petroleum play, and their biogeochemical investigation are examined.
ObjectiveBased on the introductory education and practical training during this course, each participant should be able to choose and apply approaches and techniques to own problems of basin analysis, and should be versed to expand their knowledge independently.

In particular, each participant should:

- Develop an intuitive understanding for origin, dynamics, and temporal evolution of basins in a geological / geodynamic context;

- Acquire the necessary theoretical foundation to describe basin evolution quantitatively;

- Be familiar with geological and geophysical methods that are applied to obtain information about rock properties, structural geometry, and thermal and subsidence history of basins;

- Understand the burial and maturation of organic matter in basins, the development of petroleum play, and be acquainted with geochemical methods to study the evolution of biogenic carbon.
ContentThe following topics are covered:

- Introduction; classification schemes and types of basins; heat conduction; geotherms;

- The lithosphere; isostasy; rifts and basins due to lithospheric stretching; uniform extension model; modifications to the uniform stretching model; dynamics of rifting.

- Elasticity of the lithosphere; flexural compensation; geometry and analytical description of loads and the resulting deflection; foreland basins; their anatomy;

- Reconstruction of basin evolution; borehole data; porosity loss and decompaction; backstripping; subsidence curves; thermal history and its reconstruction;

- Petroleum play concept; organic production; source rock prediction and depositional environment; petroleum generation, expulsion, migration, alteration; reservoir and traps;

- Carbon cycle; maturation of organic matter; geochemistry of biogenic carbon; biomarkers; analytical techniques

- Overview of other basin types: effects of mantle dynamics, strike-slip basins.

Each week of the course is split in lectures and corresponding practicals, in which the concepts are applied to simplified problems.

Grading of the semester performance is based on submitted practicals (50%) and a final exam (50%). The exam will take place in the time slot of the last practical (18.12.).
Lecture notesLecture notes are provided online during the course. They summarize the current subjects week by week, and provide the essential theoretical background.
LiteratureMain reference :

Allen, P.A., and Allen, J.R., 2013. Basin Analysis - Principles and Application to petroleum play assessment
3rd edition, 619 pp. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK.
ISBN 978-0-470-67376-8

Recommended, but not required (available in library).



Supplementary:
Turcotte, D.L., and Schubert, S., 2002. Geodynamics.
2nd edition, 456 pp. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-66624-4.

Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C., Moldowan, J.M., 2005. The biomarker guide (volume 2).
2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-83762-6.
Prerequisites / NoticeFamiliarity with MATLAB is advantageous, but not required.
Basin Analysis: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4243-00LSeismic Stratigraphy and FaciesW2 credits3GG. Eberli
AbstractIntroduction into seismic interpretation for solving geological and environmental problems. A special focus is given to the seismic facies analysis and seismic sequence stratigraphy. In addition, the seismic attributes are explained, which are important for the analysis of paleo-geomorphology and structural deformation.
Objective1. Acquire techniques for a comprehensive interpretation of seismic sections for solving geologic, tectonic, stratigraphic and environmental problems

2. Correlation of seismic facies to lithologic facies in different sedimentary systems

3. Recognition of structural elements and faults on seismic sections.

4. Learning the techniques of 3D seismic data interpretation

5. Reconstruction of sedimentary history using seismic stratigraphy and facies analysis and core information.
ContentThe four day course consists of lectures that are accompanied by a variety of exercises.

Day 1:
Introduction seismic facies analysis with exercise
Seismic resolution
Factors controlling sedimentation
Exercise: Seismic section in Straits of Florida

Day 2:
Seismic attributes and seismic geomorphology
Siliciclastic deltas, shelves and turbidite systems, 2D-3D
Exercise: Seismic section Tarragon Basin
Seismic facies carbonates
Exercise: Seismic section platform margin Great Bahama Bank
Deepwater environments, including cold-water coral habitats

Day 3:
Seismic facies of mixed systems with exercises
Faults and structures on seismic sections
Exercise: Seismic section Golf von Mexiko

Day 4:
Telling ages on seismic section
Seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy
Exercise: Sequence analysis Straits of Andros
Final discussion
Lecture notesAn original script (110 pages) designed for the class will be distributed at the beginning of the course.
LiteratureBooks Seismic Facies:

Ariztegui, D. and Wildi, W. (eds.), 2003, Lake Systems from Ice Age to Industrial Time. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Special Issue, v. 96, S1-S133.

Bacon, M., Simm, R. and Redshaw, T., 2003, 3-D Seismic Interpretation. Cambridge University Press, 112 pp.

Brown, A.R., 1999, Interpretation of 3-Dimensional seismic data. AAPG Memoir 42, fivth edition. pp. 341.

Davies, R.J., Posementier, H.W., Wood, L.J., and Cartwright, J.A. (eds.), 2007, Seismic Geomorphology. Geological Society Special Publication 277, pp274.

Eberli, G.P., Massaferro, J.L., and Sarg, J.F. (eds.), 2004, Seismic Imaging of Carbonate Reservoirs and Systems. AAPG Memoir 81.

Harris P.M. and Weber L.J. (eds.), 2006, Giant hydrocarbon reservoirs of the world: From rocks to reservoir characterization and modeling. AAPG Memoir, v. 88.

Marfurt, F.J. and Palaz, A. (eds.), 1997, Carbonate Seismology: SEG Geophysical Developments Series 6. pp. 443.

Weimer, P. and Davis, T.L. (eds.), 1996, Applications of 3-D seismic data to exploration and production. AAPG Studies in Geology, No. 42 and SEG Geophysical Development Series, No. 5., pp. 270.

Weimer, P. and Link, M.H. (eds), 1991, Seismic facies and sedimentary processes of submarine fans and turbidite systems. Springer Verlag, New York.



Books Seismic Stratigraphy:

Bally, A.W., (ed.), 1989, Atlas of seismic stratigraphy, AAPG Studies in Geology Series No. 27, vol. 1-3.

Gupta, S. and Cowie, P. (eds). 2000, Controls in the Stratigraphic Development of Extensional Basins. Basin Research Special Issue, v. 12, 445pp

Harris, P.M., Saller, A.H., and Simo, J.A. (eds.), 1999, Advances in carbonate sequence stratigraphy: application to reservoirs, outcrops, and models. SEPM Special Publication v. 63.

Homewood, P.W., Mauriaud, P., and Lafont, F., 2000, Best Practices in Sequence Stratigraphy - for explorationists and reservoir engineers. Elf-ep Memoire 25. 81pp.

Loucks, R. G. and J. F. Sarg, (eds.), 1993, Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy. AAPG Memoir 57, 545pp.

Payton, C.E., (ed.), 1977, Seismic stratigraphy-applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Memoir 26, 516pp.

Schlager, W., 1992, Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of reefs and carbonate platforms: AAPG Cont. Education course notes #34, pp71.

Van Wagoner, J.C., R.M. Mitchum, K.M. Campion, and V.D. Rahmanian, 1990, Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, cores, and outcrops. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, No. 7, 55pp.

Weimer, P. and Posamentier, H.W., 1993, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications. AAPG Memoir 58.
Prerequisites / NoticeBasic knowledge in sedimentology and stratigraphy
Earthquake Seismology
Earthquake Seismology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4021-00LEngineering SeismologyW+3 credits2GD. Fäh, M. Pilz
AbstractThis course is a general introduction to the methods of seismic hazard analysis. It provides an overview of the input data and the tools in deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the related uncertainties.
ObjectiveThis course is a general introduction to the methods of seismic hazard analysis.
ContentIn the course it is explained how the disciplines of seismology, geology, strong-motion geophysics, and earthquake engineering contribute to the evaluation of seismic hazard. It provides an overview of the input data and the tools in deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the related uncertainties. The course includes the discussion related to Intensity and macroseismic scales, historical seismicity and earthquake catalogues, ground motion parameters used in earthquake engineering, definitions of the seismic source, ground motion attenuation, site effects and microzonation, and the use of numerical tools to estimate ground motion parameters, both in a deterministic and probabilistic sense.
During the course recent earthquakes and their impacts are discussed and related to existing hazard assessments for the areas of interest.
651-4016-00LGeophysical GeodesyW+3 credits2GN. Houlié
AbstractThe course is an introduction to the concepts of geodesy applied to the seismic cycle and to the monitoring of ground deformation.
Objectivea) Students are introduced to various geodetic techniques and to their most famous applications in Earth Sciences;
b) Students are able to independently conceptualize 1) the inter seismic strain accumulation for an earthquake and 2) inflation of a spherical reservoir (i.e. magma chamber of a volcano) or 3) water level change within aquifer. c) Students are then introduced to news techniques linking seismology and geodesy.
Content1. Plate Tectonics before Space Geodesy.
4. Space geodetic techniques (VBLI, gravity, etc.)
2. Seismic Cycle in Seismology (California, North Anatolia fault, Sumatra).
3. The seismic cycle monitoring (Moment release, seismology, Stress transfer)
5. Presentation of GPS and Applications 1 (positioning, rigid plate motions)
6. GPS networks in the world. Development of tectonic geodesy and Applications 2 (Practical on inter-seismic deformation)
7. Presentation of InSAR, psSAR, etc. Applications to earthquake. Post-seismic deformation.
8. GPS and deformation related to volcanoes (Practical on Mogi source)
9. GPS, Strain, Stress and Plate motion.
10. InSAR applied to subsidence and small deformation.
11. Trosposphere sounding. Accuracies of GPS and InSAR.
12. GPS and geodynamics
13. Future of GPS. Future of InSAR.
14. GPS and normal modes?
Lecture notesSlides. Script in English is planned. PDF of articles cited.

Geology and Geophysics equivalent to Bachelor program at ETH
Math of Bachelor program at ETH
LiteratureSee webpage
Prerequisites / NoticePre-Requisite:

Of advantage:
Higher Geodesy Basics; Physical Geodesy and Geodynamics I; Seismotectonics

The grading is based on participation, homework sets, and a final oral presentation. There is no final exam.
651-4103-00LEarthquakes Source Physics Information
Does not take place this semester.
The course unit will be offered again in the autumn semester 2017.
W+3 credits2GS. Wiemer
AbstractThis course teaches the fundamental principles to understand physical processes leading to and governing earthquake source ruptures. To obtain that understanding we cover topics ranging from friction and fault mechanics up to earthquake source descriptions. The acquired understanding will be applied to a topic of choice to practice research skills.
ObjectiveThe aim of the course is to gain a thorough understanding of the physical processes leading to and governing earthquake source ruptures. Finally, this understanding will be applied to analyze a state-of-the-art earthquake physics topic of choice.
ContentWe will cover a range of topics, including:
- Earthquake basics: definitions, faults, elastic rebound theory, and source parameters.
- Introduction to elastodynamics: strain, stress, equation of motion.
- Mathematical description of the source:
- Representation theorem, point and extended sources, source spectra.
- Energy partitioning
- Source dynamics: Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
- Fault mechanics and friction
- Seismic cycle: inter-, co-, and post-seismic processes
- Aseismic creep and slow slip transients
- Earthquake source inversion and data assimilation
- Recurrence models
- Modeling of dynamic ruptures and seismic cycles

After a theoretical understanding has been acquired, we invite students to apply this knowledge to their topic of preference by presenting a group of state-of-the-art and/or classical papers as a final project. This will require them to understand and evaluate current challenges and state-of-the-art practices in earthquake physics. Additionally, this stimulates participants to improve their skills to:
- critically analyze (to be) published papers
- disseminate knowledge within their own and neighboring research fields
- formulate their opinion, new ideas and broader implications
- present their findings to an audience
- ask questions and actively participate in discussions on new scientific ideas
Lecture notesCourse notes will be made available on a designated course web site. An overview of the discussed principles are available in the three books mentioned below.
Literature- The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting by Ch. Scholz (2002), Cambridge University Press

- Quantitative Seismology by K. Aki and P.G. Richards (2nd edition, 2002), University Science Books.

- Source Mechanisms of Earthquakes, Theory and Practice by Udias, Madariaga and Buforn (2014), Cambridge University Press.
Prerequisites / NoticeThis concerns a bi-yearly course that will be taught again in Fall 2017.

The course will be evaluated in 2 parts:
- a two hours final exam at the end of the course,
- a presentation discussing a topic of chose based on a group of suggested papers

The course is worth 3 credit points, and a satisfactory total grade (4 or better) is needed to obtain 3 ECTS. The final writing exam has a weight of 70% and the presentation weighs for 30%.

The course will be given in English.
Earthquake Seismology: Compulsory Courses
One additional elective course of at least 3KP has to be completed for this Module according to prior agreement with the Subject Advisor (Autumn or Spring Semester).
Geographic Information Systems
The courses of this module are offered by UZH and must be registered at UZH.
Geographic Information Systems: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4267-00LSpecializing in Geographic Information Science V (University of Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO372

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W+5 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
Geographic Information Systems: Courses of Choice
The Courses of Choice are offered by UZH and must be approved by the subject advisor.
Geomagnetics
Geomagnetics: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4107-00LRock and Environmental Magnetism Information
Does not take place this semester.
W+3 credits2GA. M. Hirt
AbstractThe course will cover basic physical theory related to mineral and rock magnetism, measurement techniques, and applications in earth and soil sciences, climatology and biophysics
ObjectiveThere are two objectives in this course: (1) to acquire an understanding of the physical theory behind the origin of magnetism in a mineral or rock; and (2) to learn how material magnetic properties can be used to study environmental and geologic systems and processes
Content1. Fundamentals of magnetism
2. Magnetic mineralogy
3. Measurement techniques
4. Time
5. Special Topics: Magnetoclimatology, mass transport, pollution monitoring, biophysics, magnetic properties of nanoscale materials
Lecture notesAvailable on-line
Geomagnetics: Courses of Choice
One additional elective course of at least 3KP has to be completed for this Module according to prior agreement with the Subject Advisor (Autumn or Spring Semester).
Glaciology
Glaciology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-3561-00LCryosphere Information W+3 credits2VM. Funk, M. Huss, K. Steffen
AbstractThis course introduces the different parts of the cryosphere - snow, glaciers, sea ice, permafrost - and their role in the climate system. A significant physical aspect is the focus in each part. Those completing the course are able to describe the dynamics of cryosphere components both formally and using examples.
ObjectiveStudents are able
- to qualitatively describe the main components of the cryosphere and their role in the climate system
- to formally describe the relevant physical processes which determine the state of cryosphere components
ContentIntroduction into the different components of the Cryosphere: Snow, glaciers, sea ice and permafrost, and their roles in the climate system. Each part is use to emphasized on one specific physical aspect: material qualities of ice, mass balance and dynamics of glaciers and energy balance of sea ice.
Lecture noteshandouts will be distributed during the teaching semester
Glaciology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-1581-00LSeminar in GlaciologyW3 credits2SA. Bauder
AbstractStudium aktueller und klassischer Arbeiten der glaziologischen Forschung
ObjectiveVertiefte Kenntnisse in ausgewählten Bereichen der glaziologischen Forschung erarbeiten. Kennenlernen von Formen der wissenschaftlicher Präsentation und Verbessern der eigenen Fähigkeit in der Disskussion von wissenschaftlichen Themen.
ContentStudium aktueller und klassischer Arbeiten der glaziologischen Forschung
Lecture notesbenötigte Unterlagen werden im Verlauf der Veranstaltung abgegeben
651-4077-00LQuantification and Modeling of the Cryosphere: Dynamic Processes (University of Zurich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO815

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W3 credits1VUniversity lecturers
AbstractOverview of the most important earth surface processes and landforms in cold regions (regions with glaciers and intense frost) with emphasis on high-mountain aspects. Discussion of present research challenges.
ObjectiveKnowledge of the most prominent climate-related geomorphological processes and phenomena in high-mountain regions, understanding of primary research challenges.
ContentErosion and sedimentation by glaciers as a function of topography, englacial temperature, sediment balance, sliding and melt water runoff. Processes and landforms in regions of seasonal and perennial frost (frost weathering, rock falls, debris cones/talus, solifluction, permafrost creep/rock glaciers, debris flows).
Lecture notesGlacial and periglacial geomorphodynamics in high-mountain regions. Ca. 100 pages.
Literaturereferences in skript
Prerequisites / NoticeBasic knowledge about geomorphology and glaciers/permafrost from corresponding courses at ETH/UZH or from the related lecture notes
651-4101-00LPhysics of Glaciers Information W3 credits3GM. Lüthi, G. Jouvet, F. T. Walter, M. Werder
AbstractUnderstanding glaciers and ice sheets with simple physical concepts. Topics include the reaction of glaciers to the climate, ice rheology, temperature in glaciers and ice sheets, glacier hydrology, glacier seismology, basal motion and calving glaciers. A special focus is the current development of Greenland and Antarctica.
ObjectiveAfter the course the students are able understand and interpret measurements of ice flow, subglacial water pressure and ice temperature. They will have an understanding of glaciology-related physical concepts sufficient to understand most of the contemporary literature on the topic. The students will be well equipped to work on glacier-related problems by numerical modeling, remote sensing, and field work.
ContentThe dynamics of glaciers and polar ice sheets is the key requisite to understand their history and their future evolution. We will take a closer look at ice deformation, basal motion, heat flow and glacier hydraulics. The specific dynamics of tide water and calving glaciers is investigated, as is the reaction of glaciers to changes in mass balance (and therefore climate).
Lecture notesLink
LiteratureA list of relevant literature is available on the class web site.
Prerequisites / NoticeGood high school mathematics and physics knowledge required.
101-0289-00LApplied Glaciology Information W3 credits2GM. Funk, A. Bauder, D. Farinotti
AbstractWe will explain the fundamentals of physics of glaciers which are necessary for treating applied problems. We will go into climate-glacier interactions, flow of glaciers, lake ice and hydrology of glaciers.
ObjectiveTo understand the fundamental physical processes in glaciology.
To learn some basic numerical modelling techniques for glacier flow.
To identify glaciological hazards and to learn some assessment and mitigation possibilities.
ContentBasics in physical glaciology
Dynamics of glaciers: deformation of glacier ice, role of water in glacier motion, reaction of glaciers to climate changes, glacier calving, surges
Ice falls, ice avalanches
Glacier floods
Lake ice and bearing capacity
Lecture notesHandouts are available
LiteratureRelevante Literatur wird während der Vorlesung angegeben.
Prerequisites / NoticeFür aktuelle Fallbeispiele werden risikobasierte Massnahmen bei glaziologischen Naturgefahren diskutiert.

Voraussetzungen: Es werden Grundkenntnisse in Mechanik und Physik vorausgesetzt.
Lithosphere Structure and Tectonics
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4014-00LSeismic TomographyW+3 credits2GE. Kissling, T. Diehl
AbstractSeismic tomography is the science of interpreting seismic measurements (seismograms) to derive information about the structure of the Earth. The subject of this course is the formal relationship existing between a seismic measurement and the nature of the Earth, or of certain regions of the Earth, and the ways to use it, to gain information about the Earth.
Objective
LiteratureAki, K. and P. G. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, second edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2002. The most standard textbook in seismology, for grad students and advanced undergraduates.
Dahlen, F. A. and J. Tromp, Theoretical Global Seismology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1998. A very good book, suited for advanced graduate students with a strong math background.
Kennett B.L.N., The Seismic Wavefield. Volume I: Introduction and Theoretical Development (2001). Volume II: Interpretation of Seismograms on Regional and Global Scales (2002). Cambridge University Press.
Lay, T. and T. C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995. A very basic seismology textbook. Chapters 2 through 4 provide a useful introduction to the contents of this course.
Menke, W., Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory, revised edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1989. A very complete textbook on inverse theory in geophysics.
Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling and B. P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes, Cambridge University Press. The art of scientific computing.
Trefethen, L. N. and D. Bau III, Numerical Linear Algebra, Soc. for Ind. and Appl. Math., Philadelphia, 1997. A textbook on the numerical solution of large linear inverse problems, designed for advanced math undergraduates.
651-3521-00LTectonicsW+3 credits2VJ.‑P. Burg, E. Kissling
AbstractComprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales. Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system.
ObjectiveComprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales.
Assessment of mechanisms responsible for plate movements (the Earth as a heat transfer machine, dynamics of earth mantle, plate driving forces) and subsequent large-scale structures (oceanic basins and cycle of the oceanic lithosphere, convergence and mountain systems and continental growth, etc) through theoretical and experimental information.
Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system.
ContentPlate tectonic frame work: earth cooling and mantle-plate interaction, three kinds of plate boundaries and their roles and characteristics, cycle of oceanic lithosphere, longlifety and growth of continents, supercontinents.
Rheology of layered lithosphere and upper mantle.
Obduction systems
Collisions systems
Extensional systems
Basin evolution
Passive and active continental margin evolution
Lecture notesDetailed scriptum in digital form and additional learning moduls (Link) available on the intranet.
LiteratureCondie, K. C. 1997. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
Cox, A. & Hart, R. B. 1986. Plate tectonics. How it works. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Dewey, J. F. 1977. Suture zone complexities: A review. Tectonophysics 40, 53-67.
Dewey, J. F., Pitman III, W. C., Ryan, W. B. F. & Bonin, J. 1973. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, 3137-3180.
Kearey, P. & Vine, F. J. 1990. Global tectonics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Park, R. G. 1993. Geological structures and moving plates. Chapman & Hall, Glasgow.
Turcotte, D. L. & Schubert, G. 2002. Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Windley, B. F. 1995. The evolving continents. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
Palaeontology
Palaeontology: Compulsory Courses
The compulsory courses take place in spring semester.
Palaeontology: Courses of Choice
The courses of choice are offered by UZH and must be registered at UZH.
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-1380-00LPaleontological Excursions (University of Zürich) Information
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: BIO279

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W1 credit1PUniversity lecturers
Abstract
ObjectiveBesuch von Fossilvorkommen im In- und Ausland, um die Erhaltung der Fossilien, die fazielle Ausbildung und die Stratigraphie der fossilführenden Schichten kennenzulernen und zu diskutieren sowie gegebe- nenfalls Fossilien zu sammeln.
ContentBevorzugte Ziele ein- und zweitägiger Exkursionen sind: Jura der Nordschweiz und von Süddeutschland. Kreide des westlichen Juragebirges und des Helvetikums. Mesozoikum des Südtessins, speziell des Monte San Giorgio. Molasse der weiteren Umgebung von Zürich.
Ziele mehrtägiger Exkursionen sind u. a.: Mesozoikum und Tertiär der Südalpen. Tertiär des Wiener Beckens. Paläozoikum der Eifel, des Barrandiums, von Gotland und von Wales. Jura von Südengland. Jura und Kreide von Südfrankreich. Paläozoikum und Mesozoikum in Spanien. Aktuopaläontologie im Watt der Nordsee.
Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4901-00LQuaternary Dating Methods Information W3 credits2GI. Hajdas, S. Ivy Ochs
AbstractReconstruction of time scales is critical for all Quaternary studies in both Geology and Archeology. Various methods are applied depending on the time range of interest and the archive studied. In this lecture we focus on the six methods that are most frequently used for dating Quaternary sediments and landforms.
ObjectiveStudents will be made familiar with the details of the six dating methods through lectures on basic principles, analysis of case studies, solving of problem sets for age calculation and visits to dating laboratories.

At the end of the course students will:
1. understand the fundamental principles of the most frequently used dating methods for Quaternary studies.
2. be able to calculate an age based on data of the six methods studied.
3. choose which dating method (or combination of methods) is suitable for a certain field problem.
4. critically read and evaluate the application of dating methods in scientific publications.
Content1. Introduction: Time scales for the Quaternary, Isotopes and decay
2. Radiocarbon dating: principles and applications
3. Cosmogenic nuclides: 3He,10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Cl, 36Cl
4. U-series disequilibrium dating
5. Luminescence dating
5. K/Ar and Ar/Ar dating of lava flows and ash layers
6. Cs-137 and Pb-210 (soil, sediments, ice core)
7. Summary and comparison of results from several dating methods at specific sites
Prerequisites / NoticeVisit to radiocarbon lab, cosmogenic nuclide lab, noble gas lab, accelerator (AMS) facility.

Required attending the lecture, visiting laboratories, handing back solutions for problem sets (Excercises)
651-4077-00LQuantification and Modeling of the Cryosphere: Dynamic Processes (University of Zurich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO815

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W3 credits1VUniversity lecturers
AbstractOverview of the most important earth surface processes and landforms in cold regions (regions with glaciers and intense frost) with emphasis on high-mountain aspects. Discussion of present research challenges.
ObjectiveKnowledge of the most prominent climate-related geomorphological processes and phenomena in high-mountain regions, understanding of primary research challenges.
ContentErosion and sedimentation by glaciers as a function of topography, englacial temperature, sediment balance, sliding and melt water runoff. Processes and landforms in regions of seasonal and perennial frost (frost weathering, rock falls, debris cones/talus, solifluction, permafrost creep/rock glaciers, debris flows).
Lecture notesGlacial and periglacial geomorphodynamics in high-mountain regions. Ca. 100 pages.
Literaturereferences in skript
Prerequisites / NoticeBasic knowledge about geomorphology and glaciers/permafrost from corresponding courses at ETH/UZH or from the related lecture notes
Remote Sensing
The courses of this module are offered by UZH and must be registered at UZH.
Remote Sensing: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4263-00LRemote Sensing and Geographic Information Science V (University of Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO371

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W+5 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
Remote Sensing: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4269-00LSpecialisation in Remote Sensing: Spectroscopy of the Earth System (University of Zurich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO442

Prerequisite: Remote Sensing Methods (UZH Module Code: GEO371)

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W6 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
651-4257-00LSpecialisation in Remote Sensing: SAR and LIDAR (University of Zurich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO443

Prerequisite: Remote Sensing Methods (UZH Module Code: GEO0371)

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W6 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
Shallow Earth Geophysics
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4109-00LGeothermal EnergyW+3 credits3GK. F. Evans, P. Bayer, D. Karvounis, M. O. Saar, F. Samrock
AbstractThe course will introduce students to the general principles of Geothermics and is suitable for students who have a basic knowledge of Geoscience or Environmental Science (equivalent of a Bachelor degree).
ObjectiveTo provide students with a broad understanding of the systems used to exploit geothermal energy in diverse settings.
ContentThe course will begin with an overview of heat generation and the thermal structure of the Earth. The basic theory describing the flow of heat in the shallow crust will be covered, as will be the methods used to measure it. Petrophysical parameters of relevance to Geothermics, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity and radiogenic heat productivity, are described together with the laboratory and borehole measurement techniques used to estimate their values. The focus will then shift towards the exploitation of geothermal heat at various depths and temperatures, ranging from electricity and heat production in various types of deep geothermal systems (including high and medium temperature hydrothermal systems, and Engineered Geothermal Systems at depths of 5 km or more), to ground-source heat pumps installed in boreholes at depths of a few tens to hundreds of meters for heating domestic houses.
The subjects covered are as follows:
Week 1: Introduction. Earth's thermal structure. Conductive heat flow
Week 2: Heat flow measurement. Advective heat flow. Petrophysical parameters and their measurement.
Week 3: Temperature measurement. Hydrothermal reservoirs & well productivity
Week 4: Hydrological characterisation of reservoirs. Drilling. Optimized systems
Week 5: Petrothermal or Engineered Geothermal Systems
Week 6: Low-enthalpy systems 1
Week 7: Low-enthalpy systems 2.
Lecture notesThe script for each class will be available for download from the Ilias website no later than 1 day before the class.
Modules from the Engineering Geology Major
» Choice from Engineering Geology Required Modules
Modules from the Geophysics Major
» Choice from Geophysics Compulsory Modules
» Choice from Geophysics Restricted Choice Modules
Modules from the Mineralogy and Geochemistry Major
» Choice from the Mineralogy and Geochemistry Restricted Choice Modules
Modules from the Major Geology Restricted Choice Modules
» Choice from the Geology Restricted Choice Modules
Major in Engineering Geology
Compulsory Modules Engineering Geology
Engineering Geology: Fundamentals
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4025-00LRock Mechanics and Rock EngineeringW+4 credits4V + 2UF. Amann, R. Jalali, K. Leith, M. Perras
AbstractThis course focusses on the principles (fundamentals) and basic concepts of rock mechanics and rock engineering (e.g. tunnelling, rock slope stability).
ObjectiveThe course aims to introduce the fundamentals and basic concepts of rock mechanics and generic rock engineering. The student shall understand how rocks behave at different scales, under various artificial loads and in the shallow subsurface (a few km below ground). The link between rock mechanics, geology, hydrogeology and tectonics (i.e. the conditions under which the rock formed) will be clearly established.
The student shall understand basic principles of rock mechanics and rock engineering. In addition, the student shall learn how to carry out laboratory test, to interpret these tests and to apply the results from lab and field investigations to simple engineering problems.This knowledge is required for subsequent integration courses (Landslide Analysis and Hazard Mitigation; Engineering Geology of Underground Excavations).
ContentThis course focusses on the principles (fundamentals) and basic concepts of rock mechanics and generic rock engineering. The behavior of different rock types is studied with laboratory investigations which are linked to the theoretical aspects discussed in lectures and applied in exercises. The course is compulsory for the MSc Eng Geol. The applications of rock mechanical principles and rock engineering methods are extensively covered in subsequent courses.
Lecture notesWritten course documentation available on our homepage: Link
651-4033-00LSoil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Information Restricted registration - show details W+4 credits3V + 2UM. Perras, A. Wolter, M. Stolz
AbstractThe course presents the principles of soil mechanics and soil behaviour characteristics and its applications in geotechnical structures and systems. It is based on more descriptive courses on Engineering Geology within the BSc Geol. Program and is a compulsory prerequisite for other courses within the MSc Eng. Geol. program.
ObjectiveUnderstanding the principles of soil behaviour and the fundamentals of geotechnical practices in soils.
Ability to communicate with geotechnical engineers.
ContentSoil Mechanics:
Fundamental concepts of strength and deformation of different soils. Introduction to geotechnical calculations
Significance of (ground)water
Geotechnical Engineering in Soils:
Evaluation of geotechnical scenarios, handling of forecast uncertainities, relation of soil properties and soil composition, interactions between soil and building,
standard construction methods in soils (foundations, slopes, dams and levees),
requirements for the geotechnical prognosis
Lecture notesThis lecture is supported by the textbook: "Geotechnical Engineering" by Donald P. Coduto, 2nd edition, 2011; ISBN-13: 978-0-13-135425-8
Prerequisites / NoticeCourses must be completed:
Introduction to Engineering Geology (BSc level)
Introduction to Groundwater
Sedimentology and Quaternary deposits
Principles of Physics

Courses recommended:
Eng Geol Site Investigations
Eng Geol Field Course I (soils)
Clay Mineralogy
651-4023-00LGroundwaterW+4 credits3GM. O. Saar, X.‑Z. Kong
AbstractThe course provides an introduction into quantitative analysis of groundwater flow and solute/heat transport. It is focussed on understanding, formulating, and solving groundwater flow and solute/heat transport problems.
Objectivea) Students understand the basic concepts of groundwater flow and solute/heat transport processes and boundary conditions.

b) Students are able to formulate simple, practical groundwater flow and solute/heat transport problems.

c) Students are able to understand and apply simple analytical and/or numerical solutions to fluid flow and solute/heat transport problems.
Content1. Introduction to groundwater problems. Concepts to quantify properties of aquifers.

2. Flow equation. The generalised Darcy law.

3. The water balance equation.

4. Boundary conditions. Formulation of flow problems.

5. Analytical solutions to flow problems I

6. Analytical solutions to flow problems II

7. Finitie difference solution to flow problems.

8. Numerical solution to flow problems using a code.

9. Case studies for flow problems.

10. Concepts of transport modelling. Mass balance equation for contaminants.

11. Boundary conditons. Formulation of contaminant transport problems in groundwater.

12. Analytical solutions to transport problems I.

13. Analytical solutions to transport problems II

14. Numerical solution to simple transport problems using particle tracking technique.
Lecture notesHandouts of slides.

Script in English is planned.
LiteratureBear J., Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979

Domenico P.A., and F.W. Schwartz, Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology, J. Wilson & Sons, New York, 1990

Chiang und Kinzelbach, 3-D Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN. Springer, 2001.

Kruseman G.P., de Ridder N.A., Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data. Wageningen International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, 1991.

de Marsily G., Quantitative Hydrogeology, Academic Press, 1986
Engineering Geology: Methods
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4065-00LGeological Site InvestigationsW+3 credits3GM. Ziegler, A. Manconi
AbstractThis course introduces students to the methods used in characterising, developing or monitoring geotechnical engineering project sites. Measurements, tools and analyses are described that are relevant to determining the geologic conditions at a site as well as deformations that occur under natural or construction conditions.
ObjectiveThis course aims to introduce the general procedures taken during a engineering geological site investigation. Students who complete the course should be able to design a site investigation program of measurements based on information from initial desk studies, and to analyse, integrate and interpret data from the measurement program.
ContentThe methods that are routinely employed in site investigations will be described focusing on their applicability in different geologic environments. The limitations of the data in constraining the parameters of interest will be addressed together with problems of interpretation and cost-versus-information value. Specific topics addressed include drilling, coring, sampling, borehole testing, geophysical methods used in engineering geology, satellite, air- and ground-based surface and displacement monitoring (photogrammetry, LIDAR and Radar), and in-situ deformation measurement methods.
Lecture notesLecture notes will be available for download 1-2 days before each class.
LiteratureHunt, R.E (2005): Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Handbook. Taylor
& Francis Co. CRC Press.
Online (ETH): Link

Simons, N., Menzies, N. & Matthews, M. (2002): A Short Course in
Geotechnical Site Investigations. ICE Publishing.
Online (ETH): Link

Dunnicliff, J. (1993): Geotechnical instrumentation for monitoring field
performance. 577 p., Wiley-Interscience Publishing.

Supplemental literature will be suggested and made available during the course.
Engineering Geology: Integration
Courses for this Module take place in spring semester.
Engineering Geology: Industrial Internship
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4071-00LIndustrial Internship Restricted registration - show details
Prerequisites: successful participation in all 3 compulsory modules of the Major in Engineering Geology (Fundamentals, Methods and Integration).

The Industrial Internship of the Eng Geol Major should take place in the second MSc year after consultation with Dr. Ernst Kreuzer. Detailed regulations of this practical are published on the Eng Geol Website.
W+12 credits32PB. Oddsson, E. Kreuzer
AbstractThe industry practical is supervised both from the industry partner and ETH and consists of technically and/or scientifically challenging work in the engineering geology domain. The regular duration of the practical is 2.5 month. The practical is is pre-defined in a work plan and concluded with a report written by the student.
ObjectiveThe goals of the industry practical are to become familiar with technical, economic, legal and communication issues of real-life work in private industry or technical administration.
Major in Geophysics
Compulsory Modules Geophysics
Geophysics: Methods I
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4005-00LGeophysical Data ProcessingW+3 credits2GC. V. Cauzzi
AbstractThis course presents fundamental digital signal processing and filter theory with a focus on geophysical applications.
ObjectiveThe goal of the course is to provide an understanding of the principles of digital signal processing and filter theory. Form: two hours lecture with two hours of computer based exercises per week over 7 weeks.
ContentAnalog-digital conversion: dynamic range and resolution; Dirac-impulse, step function; Laplace transformation; Z-transformation; Differential equations of linear time-invariant systems; Examples: seismometer and RC-filter; Impulse response and transfer function; Frequency selective filters: example Butterworth filters; Digital filters: impulse invariance and bilinear transformation; Inverse filters; Response spectra.
Lecture notesLecture notes will be made available for download from the website of the course.
LiteratureThe class follows no single book. A list of relevant texts will be given in class.
Prerequisites / NoticeStudents must bring their own laptop in class for Matlab exercises.
651-4241-00LNumerical Modelling I and II: Theory and ApplicationsW+6 credits4GT. Gerya
AbstractIn this 13-week sequence, students learn how to write programs from scratch to solve partial differential equations that are useful for Earth science applications. Programming will be done in MATLAB and will use the finite-difference method and marker-in-cell technique. The course will emphasise a hands-on learning approach rather than extensive theory.
ObjectiveThe goal of this course is for students to learn how to program numerical applications from scratch. By the end of the course, students should be able to write state-of-the-art MATLAB codes that solve systems of partial-differential equations relevant to Earth and Planetary Science applications using finite-difference method and marker-in-cell technique. Applications include Poisson equation, buoyancy driven variable viscosity flow, heat diffusion and advection, and state-of-the-art thermomechanical code programming. The emphasis will be on commonality, i.e., using a similar approach to solve different applications, and modularity, i.e., re-use of code in different programs. The course will emphasise a hands-on learning approach rather than extensive theory, and will begin with an introduction to programming in MATLAB.
ContentA provisional week-by-week schedule (subject to change) is as follows:

Week 1: Introduction to the finite difference approximation to differential equations. Introduction to programming in Matlab. Solving of 1D Poisson equation.
Week 2: Direct and iterative methods for obtaining numerical solutions. Solving of 2D Poisson equation with direct method. Solving of 2D Poisson equation with Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi iterative methods.
Week 3: Solving momentum and continuity equations in case of constant viscosity with stream function/vorticity formulation.
Weeks 4: Staggered grid for formulating momentum and continuity equations. Indexing of unknowns. Solving momentum and continuity equations in case of constant viscosity using pressure-velocity formulation with staggered grid.
Weeks 5: Conservative finite differences for the momentum equation. "Free slip" and "no slip" boundary conditions. Solving momentum and continuity equations in case of variable viscosity using pressure-velocity formulation with staggered grid.
Week 6: Advection in 1-D. Eulerian methods. Marker-in-cell method. Comparison of different advection methods and their accuracy.
Week 7: Advection in 2-D with Marker-in-cell method. Combining flow calculation and advection for buoyancy driven flow.
Week 8: "Free surface" boundary condition and "sticky air" approach. Free surface stabilization. Runge-Kutta schemes.
Week 9: Solving 2D heat conservation equation in case of constant thermal conductivity with explicit and implicit approaches.
Week 10: Solving 2D heat conservation equation in case of variable thermal conductivity with implicit approach. Temperature advection with markers. Creating thermomechanical code by combining mechanical solution for 2D buoyancy driven flow with heat diffusion and advection based on marker-in-cell approach.
Week 11: Subgrid diffusion of temperature. Implementing subgrid diffusion to the thermomechanical code.
Week 12: Implementation of radioactive, adiabatic and shear heating to the thermomechanical code.
Week 13: Implementation of temperature-, pressure- and strain rate-dependent viscosity, temperature- and pressure-dependent density and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity to the thermomechanical code. Final project description.


GRADING will be based on weekly programming homeworks (50%) and a term project (50%) to develop an application of their choice to a more advanced level.
LiteratureTaras Gerya, Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling, Cambridge University Press 2010
Geophysics: Methods II
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4001-00LGeophysical Fluid DynamicsW+3 credits2GJ. A. R. Noir
AbstractFluid mechanics is one of the fundamental
building blocks of modern geophysics. This course aims to provide the students with the basics tools used in fluid dynamics studies of geophysical-astrophysical problems. The course is a combination of lectures, exercises and demo experiments to present the same concepts in various forms.
ObjectiveThe goal of this course is to develop familiarity with basic fluid
dynamical concepts relevant to geophysical and astrophysical problems.
Content(i) Basic concepts.
(ii) Conservation Laws.
(iii) Dynamical similarity and scale analysis.
(iv) The inviscid approximation.
(v) Streamlines-Streamfunctions.
(vi) Elements of boundary layer theory - Application to viscous boundary layer.
(vii) Vorticity-Concept and Examples.
(viii) Introduction to rotating fluid.
(ix) Viscous boundary layer in rotating fluid.
(x) Non-rotating thermal convection.
(xi) Introduction to rotating thermal convection.
Lecture notesPrimary Text: Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics (OUP)
651-4007-00LContinuum MechanicsW+3 credits2VT. Gerya
AbstractIn this course, students learn crucial partial differential equations (conservation laws) that are applicable to any continuum including the Earth's mantle, core, atmosphere and ocean. The course will provide step-by-step introduction into the mathematical structure, physical meaning and analytical solutions of the equations. The course has a particular focus on solid Earth applications.
ObjectiveThe goal of this course is to learn and understand few principal partial differential equations (conservation laws) that are applicable for analysing and modelling of any continuum including the Earth's mantle, core, atmosphere and ocean. By the end of the course, students should be able to write, explain and analyse the equations and apply them for simple analytical cases. Numerical solving of these equations will be discussed in the Numerical Modelling I and II course running in parallel.
ContentA provisional week-by-week schedule (subject to change) is as follows:


Week 1: The continuity equation
Theory: Definition of a geological media as a continuum. Field variables used for the representation of a continuum.Methods for definition of the field variables. Eulerian and Lagrangian points of view. Continuity equation in Eulerian and Lagrangian forms and their derivation. Advective transport term. Continuity equation for an incompressible fluid.
Exercise: Computing the divergence of velocity field.

Week 2: Density and gravity
Theory: Density of rocks and minerals. Thermal expansion and compressibility. Dependence of density on pressure and temperature. Equations of state. Poisson equation for gravitational potential and its derivation.
Exercise: Computing density, thermal expansion and compressibility from an equation of state.

Week 3: Stress and strain
Theory: Deformation and stresses. Definition of stress, strain and strain-rate tensors. Deviatoric stresses. Mean stress as a dynamic (nonlithostatic) pressure. Stress and strain rate invariants.
Exercise: Analysing strain rate tensor for solid body rotation.

Week 4: The momentum equation
Theory: Momentum equation. Viscosity and Newtonian law of viscous friction. Navier-–Stokes equation for the motion of a viscous fluid. Stokes equation of slow laminar flow of highly viscous incompressible fluid and its application to geodynamics. Simplification of the Stokes equation in case of constant viscosity and its relation to the Poisson equation. Exercises: Computing velocity for magma flow in a channel.

Week 5: Viscous rheology of rocks
Theory: Solid-state creep of minerals and rocks as themajor mechanism of deformation of the Earth’s interior. Dislocation and diffusion creep mechanisms. Rheological equations for minerals and rocks. Effective viscosity and its dependence on temperature, pressure and strain rate. Formulation of the effective viscosity from empirical flow laws.
Exercise: Deriving viscous rheological equations for computing effective viscosities from empirical flow laws.

Week 6: The heat conservation equation
Theory: Fourier’s law of heat conduction. Heat conservation equation and its derivation. Radioactive, viscous and adiabatic heating and their relative importance. Heat conservation equation for the case of a constant thermal conductivity and its relation to the Poisson equation.
Exercise: steady temperature profile in case of channel flow.

Week 7: Elasticity and plasticity
Theory: Elastic rheology. Maxwell viscoelastic rheology. Plastic rheology. Plastic yielding criterion. Plastic flow potential. Plastic flow rule.



GRADING will be based on honeworks (30%) and oral exams (70%).
Exam questions: Link
Lecture notesScript is available by request to Link
Exam questions: Link
LiteratureTaras Gerya Introduction to Numerical Geodynamic Modelling Cambridge University Press, 2010
651-4130-00LMathematical MethodsW+3 credits2GA. Kuvshinov, A. Grayver
AbstractThe course will guide students in learning about solutions of partial differential equations arising in connection with various physical problems. Special attention will be paid to the solutions of Laplace's equation in spherical and cylindrical polars. In addittion the basics of vector calculus will be discussed in order to support Geophysical Fluid Dynamics and Potential Field Theory courses.
ObjectiveThe course will guide students in learning about solutions of partial differential equations arising in connection with various physical problems. Special attention will be paid to the solutions of Laplace's equation in spherical and cylindrical polars. In addittion the basics of vector calculus will be discussed in order to support Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Potential Field Theory and Earth's Core and the Geodynamo courses.
ContentIntroduction to partial differential equations, Sturm-Liouville problem, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, orthogonality, orthogonal expansion, method of separation of variables, solution of 1-D heat equation, basics of vector algebra, vector calculus, curvilinear coordinates, differential operations in curvilinear coordinates, solution of Laplace's equation in spherical polar coordinates, Legendre and associated Legendre polynomials, spherical harmonics, solution of Laplace's equation in cylindrical polar coordinates, Bessel functions, integral theorems, solution of Maxwell's equations in spherically uniform Earth, delta and Green's functions, integral equation concept, basics of tensor analysis
Lecture notesCurrent lecture notes and homeworks will be found during the course at Link
Literature1. E. Kreyszig, "Advanced engineering mathematics"
2. M. Boas, "Mathematical methods in the physical science"
3. K.F. Riley, M. P. Hobson, S. J. Bence, "Mathematical methods for physics and engineering"
4. R. Snieder, "A guided tour of mathematical methods for the physical sciences"
Restricted Choice Modules Geophysics
Seismology
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4019-00LWave PropagationW+3 credits2GD. Fäh, W. Imperatori
AbstractThe course is a general introduction to the theory of seismic wave propagation.
It explains the principles and assumptions used in seismology. It provides the tools to solve basic seismological problems.
ObjectiveThe course is a general introduction to the theory of seismic wave propagation.
ContentThe course explains the principles and assumptions used in seismology. It provides the tools to solve basic seismological problems. The course includes the theorems in dynamic elasticity, the formulation with potentials, Green’s function, elastic waves from point dislocations sources, moment tensors, 1D, 2D, and 3D wave propagation problems, reflection and transmission at plane boundaries, and surface waves in a vertically heterogeneous medium.
651-4015-00LSeismotectonicsW+3 credits2GA. P. Rinaldi, I. Molinari
AbstractIf you're interested in knowing more about the relationship between seismicity and plate tectonics, this is the course for you. (If you're not that interested, but yr program of study requires that you complete this course, this is also the course for you.)
ObjectiveBy the conclusion of this course, we hope that you:

have a solid understanding of stress and strain and tensor representations;
have a feeling for what rheology is and why it is important;
have a more sophisticated understanding of the relationship b/w plate tectonics and eqks;
understand eqk source representations of varying complexity;
understand eqks in the context of different tectonic settings;
understand why we can't predict eqks; and
understand that "modern science is... a set of research directions rather than a collection of nuggets of established truth."
ContentTo begin our series of 14 meetings, we will review fundamentals of continuum mechanics and tensor analysis; our goal is to help you understand deformation from the scale of cornstarch in the classroom to the scale of plate tectonics. We will tell you about several ways to approximately represent an earthquake source; we'll present these in order of increasing sophistication. We'll discuss a currently-popular theory to explain earthquake triggering. We'll talk about the conceptual connections between earthquakes and tectonic deformation. You will enjoy (at least) two computer exercises.

Discussed: stress and deformation in the Earth; stress and strain tensors; rheology and failure criteria; fault stresses, friction and effects of fluids; stable and unstable sliding; earthquake focal mechanisms; relationship between stress fields and focal mechanisms; seismic moment and moment tensors; relationship between moment- and deformation tensors; crustal deformation from seismic, geologic, and geodetic observations; earthquake stress drop, scaling, and source parameters; earthquake induced stress changes; global earthquake distribution; current global earthquake activity; different seismotectonic regions; examples of earthquake activity in different tectonic settings, such as in subduction zones, California, the Mediterranean, and in Switzerland.
Lecture notesTBA
Literaturethe "orange book": S. Stein and M. Wyssession, An introduction to seismology, earthquakes and earth structure, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, USA, (2003).
Prerequisites / NoticeYou should have at least a foggy recollection of calculus.
651-4021-00LEngineering SeismologyW+3 credits2GD. Fäh, M. Pilz
AbstractThis course is a general introduction to the methods of seismic hazard analysis. It provides an overview of the input data and the tools in deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the related uncertainties.
ObjectiveThis course is a general introduction to the methods of seismic hazard analysis.
ContentIn the course it is explained how the disciplines of seismology, geology, strong-motion geophysics, and earthquake engineering contribute to the evaluation of seismic hazard. It provides an overview of the input data and the tools in deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the related uncertainties. The course includes the discussion related to Intensity and macroseismic scales, historical seismicity and earthquake catalogues, ground motion parameters used in earthquake engineering, definitions of the seismic source, ground motion attenuation, site effects and microzonation, and the use of numerical tools to estimate ground motion parameters, both in a deterministic and probabilistic sense.
During the course recent earthquakes and their impacts are discussed and related to existing hazard assessments for the areas of interest.
Physics of the Earth's Interior
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4010-00LPlanetary Physics and Chemistry Information W+3 credits2GP. Tackley
AbstractThis course aims to give a physical understanding of the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planetary bodies in our solar system and also apply it to ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars.
ObjectiveThe goal of this course is to enable students to understand current knowledge and uncertainties regarding the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planets and moons in our solar system, as well as ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. Students will practice making quantitative calculations relevant to various aspects of these topics through weekly homeworks.

The following gives an overview of the course content and approximate schedule (subject to change).

Hours Topics
1-2 Introduction
3-4 Orbital dynamics and Tides
5-6 Solar heating and Energy transport
7-8 Planetary atmospheres
9-10 Planetary surfaces
11-12 Planetary interiors
13-14 Asteroids and Meteorites
15-16 Comets
17-18 Planetary rings
19-20 Magnetic fields and Magnetospheres
21-22 The Sun and Stars
23-24 Planetary formation
25-26 Exoplanets and Exobiology
27-28 Review
Lecture notesSlides and scripts will be posted at the moodle site:https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=2559
LiteratureIt is recommended but not mandatory to buy one of these books:

Fundamental Planetary Science, by Jack J. Lissauer & Imke de Pater (paperback), Cambridge University Press, 2013. (books.ch Fr64.90, amazon.co.uk £35.00, amazon.de €38.61, amazon.com $49.26).

Planetary Sciences, 2nd edition, by Imke de Pater & Jack J. Lissauer (hardback), Cambridge University Press, 2010. (books.ch Fr98.90, amazon.co.uk £54.99, amazon.de €80.04, amazon.com $82.76).
Applied Geophysics
Applied Geophysics: Compulsory Courses
The compulsory courses take place in spring semester.
Applied Geophysics: Courses of Choice
The compulsory Courses for the Module Applied Geophysics take place in Spring Semester. One additional elective course of at least 3KP has to be completed for this Module according to prior agreement with the Subject Advisor of the Geophysics Major (Autumn or Spring Semester).
Major in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Compulsory Module in Analytical Methods in Earth Sciences
Students have to complete 6 credits in part A (microscopy courses), and 6 credits in part B (methods).
Microscopy Courses
» Compulsory Module in Analytical Methods in Earth Sciences: Microscopy Courses
Analytical Methods Courses
» Compulsory Module in Analytical Methods in Earth Sciences: Analytical Methods Courses
Restricted Choice Modules Mineralogy and Geochemistry
A minimum of two restricted choice modules must be completed in the major Mineralogy and Geochemistry.
Mineralogy and Petrology
Mineralogy and Petrology: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4028-00LPhysical Properties of MineralsW+3 credits2GE. Reusser
AbstractPhysical properties of minerals, e.g. electrical properties, elasticitcal properties are discussed.
The effect of the crystal symmetry on the symmetry of physical properties as well as the mathematical formulation of the physical properties are major topics.
Objective
651-4039-00LThermodynamics Applied to Earth MaterialsW+3 credits2GJ. Connolly
AbstractThis course develops the thermodynamic concepts necessary to predict phase equilibria and to compute physical properties from thermodynamic data.
ObjectiveTo provide students with the conceptual and practical skills necessary to implement thermodynamic models and data as provided in the earth science literature. The computer software package Maple is relied upon to allow students to solve realistic problems without the distraction of mathematical details.
ContentElementary concepts (1st and 2nd Laws; composition, state and extent); stability criteria; Legendre transforms; Maxwell relations and other manipulations of thermodynamic functions; calculation of Gibbs energy for a pure solid; simple solution models; order-disorder solution models; reciprocal solution models; equations of state for molecular fluids; free energy minimization.

This course is neither an introduction to computer methods for calculating petrological phase equilibria nor an introduction to phase diagram methods.
Prerequisites / NoticeThe grade for the course is based on exercises assigned as homework.

Some familiarity with elementary thermodynamics (phase rule, reactions) and mathematics (differentiation, integration) is assumed. Experience with Maple or comparable programs such as Mathematica is helpful.
Mineralogy and Petrology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4063-00LX-ray Powder Diffraction Restricted registration - show details
Number of participants limited to 12.
W3 credits2GM. Plötze
AbstractIn the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters.
ObjectiveUpon successful completion of this course students are able to:
- describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis
- carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently,
- critically assess the data,
- communicate the results in a scientific report.
ContentFundamental principles of X-ray diffraction
Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers
Interpretation of powder diffraction data
Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis)
Lecture notesSelected handouts will be made available in the lecture
LiteratureALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003.
DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (Link)
PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009.
(Link)
Prerequisites / NoticeThe course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data.
Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential.
The lecture course is limited to 12 participants.
651-4223-00LPhase PetrologyW3 credits2GL. Tajcmanová
AbstractA comprehensive introduction to heterogeneous phase equilibria in the geosciences.
ObjectiveThe aim of the course is to give insight into processes that lead to the formation of magmatic and metamorphic rocks.
ContentThe course will give an introduction to phase petrology and its application to magmatic and metamorphic systems. Further, the course will give an introduction to thermobarometry of mineral assemblages. The origin and interpretation of microstructures and chemical zonation in rocks will be discussed. We will also touch kinetics of rock forming processes and the role of fluids during the lectures.

The specific topics will involve:
Mineral reactions and chemical equilibrium in metamorphic and magmatic rocks, recalculation of rock and mineral analyses, mineral modes, P-T-X relations.
Literature1) the blue book by F Spear 1993 Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths. MSA Mongraph

2) Principles of Metamorphic Petrology; Ron H. Vernon, Geoffrey Clarke
651-4233-00LGeotectonic Environments and Deep Global CyclesW3 credits2VM. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer
AbstractThis course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins
Objective
651-4097-00LApplied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources IW3 credits2GR. Kündig, C. Bühler
AbstractGeological and mineralogical aspects to important non-metallic mineral ressources. Industrial use of specific mineral ressources as well as economic, strategic and environmental aspects are discussed. Examples from all over the world with a specific focus on the non-mineral mineral ressources potential in Switzerland.
ObjectiveStudents will learn to understand the use of non-metallic mineral ressources from a geological and mineralogical point of view as well as from industrial, technical and strategical (political) point of view. Environmental aspects on the worldwide use of non-metallic mineral ressources are discussed. A special focus will be given on the situation in Switzerland.
ContentTeaching, case-studies and excursions (e.g. raw-material industry).

Course "Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources I" (autumn/winter semester):
Non-metallic ressources. Occurrences, geology, extraction, properties, fabrication and use. Industrial aspects, (new) technologies, market, stock, situation, reserves & ressources, trends and developpment, environmental aspects, law.

Chapters: e.g. coal/carbon (coal, graphite, diamond, fulleren); oil/gas (oil- and tarsands, oil-shists); phosphates/nitrates; aluminum (bauxite, corundum); salt; carbonates; titanium; clay and clay minerals; sulphur; gypsum/anhydrite; fluorite; asbestos; talc; micas; rare earth elements.

Course "Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources II" (fall/summer semester):
Stone and earth industry (gravel, sand, crushed stones, stones), natural stone, building stone, cement, cement-industry. New perception on raw materials. Case studies in applied mineralogy.

Chapters: e.g. Stone industry - technical aspects of building stones, properties, weathering, treatment, quarries, products. Crushed stones - quarries, products, planning, environment. Gravel an sand - ressources/reserves, environment (protection/law), alternative products (substitution). Cement and concrete (geological ressources, prospection, fabrication, environment).
Lecture notesWill be given according to the lessons. Partially integration of e-learning tools.
Literature- Walter L. Pohl (2011): Economic Geology - Principles and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, 664 p., ISBN 978-1-4443-3663-4
- Harben, P.W. (2002): The Industrial Minerals Handybook. A Guide to Markets,
Specifications & Prices. Industrial Mineral Information, London 412 S., ISBN 1-904333-04-4
- Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission (1996): Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der
Schweiz.- Herausgegeben von der Schw. Geotech. Komm., Zürich, 522 S., ISBN 3-907997-00-X
- Geotechnische Karte der Schweiz 1:200 000, 2. Aufl. Schweiz. Geotechn. Komm.
- Trueb, L.F. (1996): Die chemischen Elemente - Ein Streifzug durch das Periodensystem. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 416 S., ISBN 3-7776-0674-X
- Kesler, S. E. (1994): Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment.-
Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc., New York., 392 S., ISBN 0-02-362842-1
Petrology and Volcanology
Petrology and Volcanology: Compulsory Courses
The compulsory courses take place in spring semester.
Petrology and Volcanology: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4063-00LX-ray Powder Diffraction Restricted registration - show details
Number of participants limited to 12.
W3 credits2GM. Plötze
AbstractIn the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters.
ObjectiveUpon successful completion of this course students are able to:
- describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis
- carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently,
- critically assess the data,
- communicate the results in a scientific report.
ContentFundamental principles of X-ray diffraction
Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers
Interpretation of powder diffraction data
Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis)
Lecture notesSelected handouts will be made available in the lecture
LiteratureALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003.
DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (Link)
PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009.
(Link)
Prerequisites / NoticeThe course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data.
Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential.
The lecture course is limited to 12 participants.
651-4233-00LGeotectonic Environments and Deep Global CyclesW3 credits2VM. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer
AbstractThis course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins
Objective
Mineral Resources
Mineral Resources: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4097-00LApplied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources IW+3 credits2GR. Kündig, C. Bühler
AbstractGeological and mineralogical aspects to important non-metallic mineral ressources. Industrial use of specific mineral ressources as well as economic, strategic and environmental aspects are discussed. Examples from all over the world with a specific focus on the non-mineral mineral ressources potential in Switzerland.
ObjectiveStudents will learn to understand the use of non-metallic mineral ressources from a geological and mineralogical point of view as well as from industrial, technical and strategical (political) point of view. Environmental aspects on the worldwide use of non-metallic mineral ressources are discussed. A special focus will be given on the situation in Switzerland.
ContentTeaching, case-studies and excursions (e.g. raw-material industry).

Course "Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources I" (autumn/winter semester):
Non-metallic ressources. Occurrences, geology, extraction, properties, fabrication and use. Industrial aspects, (new) technologies, market, stock, situation, reserves & ressources, trends and developpment, environmental aspects, law.

Chapters: e.g. coal/carbon (coal, graphite, diamond, fulleren); oil/gas (oil- and tarsands, oil-shists); phosphates/nitrates; aluminum (bauxite, corundum); salt; carbonates; titanium; clay and clay minerals; sulphur; gypsum/anhydrite; fluorite; asbestos; talc; micas; rare earth elements.

Course "Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources II" (fall/summer semester):
Stone and earth industry (gravel, sand, crushed stones, stones), natural stone, building stone, cement, cement-industry. New perception on raw materials. Case studies in applied mineralogy.

Chapters: e.g. Stone industry - technical aspects of building stones, properties, weathering, treatment, quarries, products. Crushed stones - quarries, products, planning, environment. Gravel an sand - ressources/reserves, environment (protection/law), alternative products (substitution). Cement and concrete (geological ressources, prospection, fabrication, environment).
Lecture notesWill be given according to the lessons. Partially integration of e-learning tools.
Literature- Walter L. Pohl (2011): Economic Geology - Principles and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, 664 p., ISBN 978-1-4443-3663-4
- Harben, P.W. (2002): The Industrial Minerals Handybook. A Guide to Markets,
Specifications & Prices. Industrial Mineral Information, London 412 S., ISBN 1-904333-04-4
- Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission (1996): Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der
Schweiz.- Herausgegeben von der Schw. Geotech. Komm., Zürich, 522 S., ISBN 3-907997-00-X
- Geotechnische Karte der Schweiz 1:200 000, 2. Aufl. Schweiz. Geotechn. Komm.
- Trueb, L.F. (1996): Die chemischen Elemente - Ein Streifzug durch das Periodensystem. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 416 S., ISBN 3-7776-0674-X
- Kesler, S. E. (1994): Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment.-
Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc., New York., 392 S., ISBN 0-02-362842-1
651-4037-00LOre Deposits I
Can be chosen as an elective course within the Bachelor. Prospective MSc-Students attending the module "Mineral Resources" should attend Ore Deposits I and II in the first year of their MSc studies.
W+3 credits2GC. A. Heinrich
AbstractPrinciples of hydrothermal ore formation, using base metal deposits (Cu, Pb, Zn) in sedimentary basins to explain the interplay of geological, chemical and physical factors from global scale to sample scale. Introduction to orthomagmatic ore formation (mostly Cr, Ni, PGE).
ObjectiveUnderstanding the fundamental processes of hydrothermal and magmatic ore formation, recognising and interpreting mineralised rocks in geological context
Content(a) Principles of hydrothermal ore formation: base metal deposits in sedimentary basins. Practical classification of sample suites by genetic ore deposit types
Mineral solubility and ore deposition, principles& thermodynamic prediction using activity diagrams. Stable isotopes in ore-forming hydrothermal systems (O, H, C, S) Driving forces and structural focussing of hydrothermal fluid flow

(b) Introduction to orthomagmatic ore formation. Chromite, Ni-Cu sulphides and PGE in layered mafic intrusions. Distribution coefficients between silicate and sulphide melts. Carbonatites and pegmatite deposits.
Lecture notesNotes handed out during lectures
LiteratureExtensive literature list distributed in course
Prerequisites / Notice2 contact hours per lecture / week including lectures, exercises and practical study of samples, and small literature-based student presentations. Supplementary contact for sample practicals and exercises as required. Credits and mark based on participation in course (exercises, 50%) and 1h written exam in the last lecture of the semester (50%).
Mineral Resources: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4069-00LFluid and Melt Inclusions: Theory and PracticeW3 credits3PC. A. Heinrich, T. Driesner, O. Laurent
AbstractBlock course involving lectures, exercises and practical application of inclusion petrography, microthermometry, Raman and LA-ICPMS microanlysis
ObjectivePractical ability to carry out a meaningful fluid or melt inclusion study in the fields of geochemistry, petrology or resource geology, involving problem definition, research planning, quantitative measurements using a combination of techniques, critical interpretation and correct documentation of results.
Lecture notesHandouts with extensive list of primary literature available
LiteratureGoldstein and Reynolds (1994): CD available for in-house use
651-4221-00LNumerical Modelling of Ore Forming Hydrothermal Processes
Does not take place this semester.
W3 credits2GT. Driesner
AbstractIntroduction to computer tools for the simulation of hydrothermal processes. This includes fluid flow modelling and thermodynamic modelling of hydrothermal reactions. The computer programs are handed out to the students and can be run on normal PCs. No programming knowledge is necessary.
ObjectiveLearn how to use the simulation programs HYDROTHERM and HCh to explore how hydrothermal systems work.
ContentIntroduction to computer tools for the simulation of hydrothermal processes: HYDROTHERM for fluid flow simulations, HCh for thermodynamic modeling. While learning the respective computer programs is an essential part of the course, the emphasis will be on using these tools to learn how the physics and chemistry of hydrothermal system actually work.
Lecture notesComputer programs and course material will be distributed during the course.
LiteratureIngebritsen S.E., Sanford W., Neuzil C. (2006) Groundwater in geologic processes. Cambridge University Press

Bethke C.M. (1996) Geochemical reaction modeling. Oxford University Press

Turcotte D.L., Schubert G. (2001) Geodynamics, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
651-4034-00LResource Economics and Mineral Exploration Restricted registration - show details
Does not take place this semester.
The course unit will be offered again in the autumn semester 2017.
W3 credits3PC. A. Heinrich
AbstractGlobal mineral economics and the strategies of mineral exploration -- including geological, geochemical and geophysical methods, but also non-geological factors such as organisational, political and environmental aspects. Changing external lecturers.
ObjectivePractical understanding of the procedure of exploring a mineral prospect, based on geological analysis, exploration by drilling, resource calculation of tonnage and grade as a basis for economic evaluation for reporting to investors.
ContentThis block course in will comprise 4 half-day lectures and a series of practical exercises from selection of a mineral property to discovery of mineral resources and their valuation. Teams are formed as Limited Partnership companies that have to select and bid for a mineral property offered during an auction. Each company has the same nominal budget. The highest bidder purchases the selected property, others need to purchase the remaining properties during an auction. Justification for selecting the property is justified in a report. The companies must interpret the geology of their mineral property to prepare a diamond drill program to discover and, eventually, delineate the mineral resources. This drill program is presented in a report prior to drilling. Drilling in the tri-dimensional matrix of the property is simulated using the software FOREUR, until budget lapse. The companies must select drill intervals for chemical analysis to document the extent and composition of the discovered mineralization. Portions of the mineral rights can be traded for capital between the companies. An estimate of the tonnage and grade of the discovered resource is prepared using geometric methods and GIS software (ex. Arc GIS). The ground value of the resource is estimated by a computation of the Net Smelter Return at current metal prices. The results of the exploration program are presented in a comprehensive report.
Lecture notesHandouts for background information and a computer simulation program for the case-study exercise will be provided. Participants must bring a Windows-based laptop computer.
Prerequisites / NoticePrerequisites: Knowledge of mineral deposit-type characteristics is useful (orogenic gold, Cu-Zn VMS, Ni-Cu-PGE); at least "Ressourcen der Erde", or adequate knowledge of mineral deposits acquired by preparatory reading. Basic knowledge of ArcGIS software is important to produce maps and sections required in reports. Training exercises and tutorials will be provided in advance to prepare for the course.Taught biennially in collaboration with University of Geneva.

This course is co-organised by ETH Zurich (Prof. C. Heinrich) and University of Geneva (Prof. L. Fontbote)
Geochemistry
Geochemistry: Compulsory Courses
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4049-00LConceptual and Quantitative Methods in Geochemistry
For this course the successful completion of the BSc-course "Geochemistry" (651-3400-00L) is a condition.
W+3 credits2GO. Bachmann, M. Schönbächler, D. Vance
AbstractThis course will introduce some of the main quantitative methods available for the quantitative treatment of geochemical data, as well as the main modelling tools. Emphasis will both be on conceptual understanding of these methods as well as on their practical application, using key software packages to analyse real geochemical datasets.
ObjectiveDevelopment of a basic knowledge and understanding of the main tools available for the quantitative analysis of geochemical data.
ContentThe following approaches will be discussed in detail: major and trace element modelling of magmas, with application to igneous systems; methods and statistics for calculation of isochrons and model ages; reservoir dynamics and one-dimensional modelling of ocean chemistry; modelling speciation in aqueous (hydrothermal, fresh water sea water) fluids.

We will discuss how these methods are applied in a range of Earth Science fields, from cosmochemistry, through mantle and crustal geochemistry, volcanology and igneous petrology, to chemical oceanography.

A special emphasis will be put on dealing with geochemical problems through modeling. Where relevant, software packages will be introduced and applied to real geochemical data.
Lecture notesSlides of lectures will be available.
Prerequisites / NoticePre-requisite: Geochemistry (651-3400-00L), Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology (651-3501-00L).
651-4227-00LPlanetary GeochemistryW+3 credits2GM. Schönbächler, H. Busemann, A. Hunt
AbstractFormation and evolution of the solar system with a geochemical perspective
ObjectiveTo understand the formation and evolution of the solar system from a geochemical perspective
ContentThe sun and solid objects in the solar system (planets, comets, asteroids, meteorites, interplanetary dust) are discussed with a geochemical perspective. What does their present-day composition tell us about the origin and evolution of the solar system? The lecture first introduces the basic facts of the terrestrial and giant planets, as well as comets and asteroids, as mainly gained from modern planetary missions. The chemical and isotopic composition of meteorites, being the most primitive material available for study, is a further major topic.
Lecture notesavailable electronically
Geochemistry: Courses of Choice
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4233-00LGeotectonic Environments and Deep Global CyclesW3 credits2VM. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer
AbstractThis course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins
Objective
651-4057-00LClimate History and PalaeoclimatologyW3 credits2GS. Bernasconi, B. Ausin Gonzalez, A. Fernandez Bremer, A. Gilli
AbstractThe course "Climate history and paleoclimatology gives an overview on climate through geological time and it provides insight into methods and tools used in paleoclimate research.
ObjectiveThe student will have an understanding of evolution of climate and its major forcing factors -orbital, atmosphere chemistry, tectonics- through geological time. He or she will understand interaction between life and climate and he or she will be familiar with the use of most common geochemical climate "proxies", he or she will be able to evaluate quality of marine and terrestrial sedimentary paleoclimate archives. The student will be able to estimate rates of changes in climate history and to recognize feedbacks between the biosphere and climate.
ContentClimate system and earth history - climate forcing factors and feedback mechanisms of the geosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere.

Geological time, stratigraphy, geological archives, climate archives, paleoclimate proxies

Climate through geological time: "lessons from the past"

Cretaceous greenhouse climate

The Late Paleocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Cenozoic Cooling

Onset and Intensification of Southern Hemisphere Glaciation

Onset and Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation

Pliocene warmth

Glacial and Interglacials

Millennial-scale climate variability during glaciations

The last deglaciation(s)

The Younger Dryas

Holocene climate - climate and societies
651-4225-00LTopics in GeochemistryW3 credits2GS. Bernasconi, G. Bernasconi-Green, D. L. Cook
AbstractThis course aims to present and discuss advanced topics in geochemistry based on the critical reading of research papers. Themes will vary from year to year and suggestions from students are welcome. The format of the course will be: one or more lectures introducing a theme, followed by a presentation of one or more papers by a student or group of students.
ObjectiveThe goal of the course is discuss topics in advanced geochemistry which were not covered in other general and specialized geochemistry courses. In addition, we aim at training the student's ability to critically evaluate research papers and to summarize the findings concisely in an oral presentation.
ContentThemes will vary from year to year and suggestions from students are welcome.
Some possible topics are:
Organic geochemistry.
Isotope geochemistry of organic matter: carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
Multiply-substituted isotopologues.
Mass-independent fractionations.
Mass transfer and isotopes in modern and ancient ocean-floor hydrothermal systems and subduction zone environments.
Noble gas geochemistry: terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications
Lecture notesNone
LiteratureWill be identified based on the chosen topic.
651-4010-00LPlanetary Physics and Chemistry Information W3 credits2GP. Tackley
AbstractThis course aims to give a physical understanding of the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planetary bodies in our solar system and also apply it to ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars.
ObjectiveThe goal of this course is to enable students to understand current knowledge and uncertainties regarding the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planets and moons in our solar system, as well as ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. Students will practice making quantitative calculations relevant to various aspects of these topics through weekly homeworks.

The following gives an overview of the course content and approximate schedule (subject to change).

Hours Topics
1-2 Introduction
3-4 Orbital dynamics and Tides
5-6 Solar heating and Energy transport
7-8 Planetary atmospheres
9-10 Planetary surfaces
11-12 Planetary interiors
13-14 Asteroids and Meteorites
15-16 Comets
17-18 Planetary rings
19-20 Magnetic fields and Magnetospheres
21-22 The Sun and Stars
23-24 Planetary formation
25-26 Exoplanets and Exobiology
27-28 Review
Lecture notesSlides and scripts will be posted at the moodle site:https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=2559
LiteratureIt is recommended but not mandatory to buy one of these books:

Fundamental Planetary Science, by Jack J. Lissauer & Imke de Pater (paperback), Cambridge University Press, 2013. (books.ch Fr64.90, amazon.co.uk £35.00, amazon.de €38.61, amazon.com $49.26).

Planetary Sciences, 2nd edition, by Imke de Pater & Jack J. Lissauer (hardback), Cambridge University Press, 2010. (books.ch Fr98.90, amazon.co.uk £54.99, amazon.de €80.04, amazon.com $82.76).
651-4235-00LMarine Geology and Geochemistry
Does not take place this semester.
W3 credits2GG. Bernasconi-Green
AbstractIntroduction to oceanographic methods and international research programs in marine geology and an overview of physical, chemical and biological processes in modern marine environments.
ObjectiveThis course aims at giving an overview of oceanographic methods and an understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes in modern marine environments. This course will combine lectures and student participation. Student presentations are based on critical reading of research papers and integration of data and results from international oceanographic programs and ocean drilling.
ContentSpecific topics will be chosen to examine processes of crustal formation, alteration, mass transfer and biological activity in mid-ocean ridge, continental margin and subduction zone settings, with consideration of data and new results obtained from international oceanographic programs and from DSDP, ODP and IODP drilling.

Student participation and discussions are based on critical reading of research papers, use of internet-based data, and web-based cruise results. Requirements to obtain credit points are oral or poster presentations and a short written summary of selected themes.
Lecture notesNo formal skript will be distributed. Handouts will be given, where necessary. These will consist of the most important diagrams presented in the lectures. The students are expected to take their own notes and consult the literature for more details.
LiteratureLists of literature relevant to the selected topics will be handed out in the course.
Prerequisites / NoticeThis course is offered every 2 years.
651-4229-00LAdvanced GeochronologyW3 credits2GA. Quadt Wykradt-Hüchtenbruck, H. Busemann, B. Ellis, M. Guillong, A. Liati
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this lecture is to provide a comprehensive overview of: a) the different radiometric methods in Geology, the different dating tasks and the constraints put by the complexity of natural systems, including dating by cosmogenic nuclides,
b) the various analytical tools available today for radiometric dating, their advantages and disadvantages,
c) the use of noble gases in Geochemistry and
d) detailed description of case studies, as examples of approach of a number of geological problems and interpretation of the data.
ContentThe content of this lecture is summarised as follows:

Anthi Liati:
- Ion microprobes - U-Pb SHRIMP dating (zircon, sphene, rutile, monazite)
- Dating metamorphic rocks
- Combined geochronology and petrology – subduction and exhumation rates
- Tracing the timing of mantle and crustal events via zircon-dating in mantle xenoliths: Two case studies: South Namibia, Kilbourne Hole (New Mexico)

Henner Busemann:
- Noble gas geo- and cosmochemistry
- Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides
- carbon-14 dating and U-Th-He thermochronology
- Visit of the radiogenic and noble gas isotope laboratories of IGMR

Albrecht von Quadt:
- Analytical tools and applications to radiogenic isotopes (basics about TIMS, LA-ICP-MS-MC)
- Dating magmatic rocks and ore deposits (porphyry, epithermal Cu-Au-(Mo) deposits)
- U-Pb, Re-Os, Pb-Pb methods - Hf tracing of zircons
- Geochronology and geochemistry of magmatic systems

Marcel Guillong:
- LA-ICP-MS as the method of choice for dating, in comparison to other methods (Ion-probe, TIMS, ...)
- Data reduction in LA-ICP-MS: from measured counts per seconds to the final age of a sample, with hands on example.
- The challenge to date very young Zircons, with an example from Kos.

Ben Ellis:
- Ar-Ar dating techniques
-Ar-Ar dating of volcanic rocks
Lecture notesScript (for part of the lecture), partly power point presentations (in the web) and partly copies of power point transparencies.
Literature- Faure, G. and Mensing, T. (2005): Isotopes. Principles and applications. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons.
- Dickin, A. (2005): Radiogenic Isotope Geology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University press.
Link; see February 2013
Open Choice Modules Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Modules from the Geology Major
» Choice from the Geolgy Restricted Choice Modules
» Choice from the Geology Open Choice Modules
Modules from the Engineering Geology Major
» Modules from the Engineering Geology Compulsory Modules
Modules from the Geophysics Major
» Modules from the Geophysics Compulsory Modules
» Modules from the Geophysics Restricted Choice Modules
Restricted Choice Module of Mineralogy and Geochemistry
» Choice from Mineralogy and Geochemistry Restricted Choice Modules
Electives
Courses can be chosen from the complete offerings of the ETH Zurich and University of Zurich (according to prior agreement with the subject advisor).
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-1615-00LColloqium GeophysicsW1 credit1KA. Obermann
AbstractThis colloquium comprises geophysical research presentations by invited leading scientists from Europe and overseas, advanced ETH Ph.D. students, new and established ETH scientists with specific new work to be shared with the institute. Topics cover the field of geophysics and related disciplines, to be delivered at the level of a well-informed M.Sc. graduate/early Ph.D. student.
ObjectiveAttendants of this colloquium obtain a broad overview over active and frontier research areas in geophysics as well as opened questions. Invited speakers typically present recent work: Attendants following this colloquium for multiple terms will thus be able to trace new research directions, trends, potentially diminishing research areas, controversies and resolutions thereof, and thus build a solid overview of state and direction of geophysical research. Moreover, the diverse content and delivery style shall help attendants in gaining experience in how to successfully present research results.
651-1851-00LIntroduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy
Does not take place this semester.
W1 credit2GK. Kunze, L. Martin
Abstract
ObjectiveIntroduction in scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis. Obtain practical experience in operating a SEM.
ContentFunctional principles and operation modes of a scanning electron microscope. Methods and application fields for
- imaging (SE, BSE, FSE, AE, CL),
- X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)
- Electron diffraction (EBSD, Channeling, Orientation Imaging).
Methods for sample preparation
Practical exercises.
Lecture notesScripts and operation manuals are provided during the course.
Literature- Reed: Electron Microprobe Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy in Geology. Cambridge University Press (1996).
- Schmidt: Praxis der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Mikrobereichsanalyse. Expert-Verlag Renningen-Malmsheim (1994).
- Reimer, Pfefferkorn: Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Springer Berlin (1973).
- Goldstein et al: Scanning Elektron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis. Plenum Press New York London (1981).
Prerequisites / NoticeFull day block course after the end of HS
651-0048-00LElectron Microprobe Course Restricted registration - show details W3 credits4GE. Reusser
AbstractOperation of the Electron Microprobe. Understanding the fundamentals of the Electron Probe Microanalysis. Interpretation of X-ray spectra for elemental analysis.
ObjectiveOperation of the Electron Microprobe. Understanding the fundamentals of the Electron Probe Microanalysis. Interpretation of X-ray spectra for elemental analysis.
ContentPhysical principles of electron optics, interaction of electrons with matter, production of X-rays, interaction of X-rays with matter. Detection of X-rays. Laboratory work in the field of Earth sciences.
Lecture notesKursunterlagen
Literature- Anderson, C.A. (1973): Microprobe Analysis. Wiley & Sons, New York.
- Goldstein, J.I. et al., (1981): Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis. Plenum Press.
Prerequisites / Notice7 full days.

Prerequisite: Analytical methods in Petrology and Geology (651-4055-00L).

Max. 8 participants (incl. PhD students and external participants).
-> Restricted attendance. Register with E. Reusser.
327-0703-00LElectron Microscopy in Material ScienceW4 credits2V + 2UK. Kunze, R. Erni, S. Gerstl, F. Gramm, F. Krumeich
AbstractA comprehensive understanding of the interaction of electrons with condensed matter and details on the instrumentation and methods designed to use these probes in the structural and chemical analysis of various materials.
ObjectiveA comprehensive understanding of the interaction of electrons with condensed matter and details on the instrumentation and methods designed to use these probes in the structural and chemical analysis of various materials.
ContentThis course provides a general introduction into electron microscopy of organic and inorganic materials. In the first part, the basics of transmission- and scanning electron microscopy are presented. The second part includes the most important aspects of specimen preparation, imaging and image processing. In the third part, recent applications in materials science, solid state physics, structural biology, structural geology and structural chemistry will be reported.
Lecture notesEnglisch
LiteratureTransmission Electron Microscopy, L. Reimer; Einführung in die Elektronenmikroskopie, M. v. Heimendahl. Williams, Carter: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Plenum Press, 1996. Hawkes, Valdrè: Biophysical Electron Microscopy, Academic Press, 1990.
Frank: Electron Tomography, Plenum Press, 1992.
Erni: Aberration-corrected imaging in transmission electron microscopy, Imperial College Press (2010, and 2nd ed. 2015)
651-3541-00LExploration and Environmental GeophysicsW4 credits3VF. Broggini, J. Doetsch
AbstractOverview and understanding of the most important geophysical methods: Potential field methods (Gravimetrics and Magnetics), Electrical and electromagnetic methods, Refraction and reflection seismics, Georadar. Discussion of survey design, sources and receivers and data processing.
ObjectiveOverview and understanding of the most important geophysical methods. Proposed solutions to assess and observe problems relevant to exploration and environmental geophysics in soil, ice and lithosphere at different scales. Getting familiar with measuring- and interpretation procedures. Pointing out the possibilities and limitations of geophysical methods.
ContentBasics of Geophysical Methods: Potential field methods (Gravimetrics and Magnetics), Electrical and electromagnetic methods, Refraction and reflection seismics, Georadar. Important geophysical (subsurface) Parameters. Operating procedures for sources and receivers. Principles of digital Signal Recording. Explanation of various steps of Digital Signal Processing. Outlook on advanced methods and interpretation procedures. Examples of specific problems, like landfills and rockslides. There will also be demonstrations in the Field.
Lecture notesAvailable through eDoz/ILIAS.

Additional material will be provided by the lecturers.
LiteratureKeary, Brooks and Hill (2002), An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-04929-4

Reynolds, J.M. (2011), An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-0-471-48535-3
651-4086-00LExperimental Methods in PetrologyW3 credits2PC. Liebske
AbstractOverview of the most common experimental methods employed in petrology to determine thermodynamic and physical properties and phase equilibria of minerals, mineral assemblages, magmas and fluids. The basic principals of low, moderate, high and ultrahigh pressure devices are discussed combined with an introduction into the synthesis of starting materials and the evaluation of run products.
ObjectiveThis course shall provide the basics of experimental petrology. The principal goals are the acquisition of basic knowledge about experimental equipment employed in petrology and the design and setup of an experimental study targeted to obtain quantitative data on phase relations, thermodynamic, kinetic and rheologic properties of earth materials as well as the examination, analysis and evaluation of experiments. At the end of the course, the participants should be able to evaluate experimental data independently and design appropriate experiments on their own.
ContentThe course 'Experimental methods in petrology' covers the following subjects:

(1) Introduction and historical summary of experimental petrology
(2) Experimental methods at ambient pressure (1 bar) with practical exercise to determine the free energy of formation of wustite (FeO)
(3) Experimental buffering techniques (phase rule, buffering of partial pressures of gases and supercritical fluids, buffering of mixed volatile phases at elevated pressures, buffering of activities and solid-solid solutions in solid phases
(4) Experimental methods at moderate pressures: externally (cold seal) and internally (IHPV) heated gas-pressure apparatus with pratical demonstration/excercise
(5) High-pressure solid-media experimental techniques (piston cylinders)
(6) Ultrahigh-pressure experimental techniques (multi-anvil apparatus, diamond-anvil-cells (DAC)
(7) Evaluation of petrologic experiments (preparation of run products, analytical and spectroscopic methods of examination and quantification)

The practical work in the laboratories are conducted (with the exception of exercise #1) on a small research project where the various techniques and equipment are demonstrated and the practical use is trained.
Lecture notesA summary of the material presented in the lectures are distributed weekly.
LiteratureCurrently, there is no comprehensive book available that summarizes the most important aspects of experimental petrology; publications relating to individual subjects are referred during the lectures.
Prerequisites / NoticeThis course addresses to a public (master and PhD students) that is interested in an introduction to experimental research in petrology, but does not require basic knowledge in experimental methods. However, basic knowledge in petrology and physical chemistry (thermodynamics) is required to follow the course.
651-4082-00LFluids and Mineral DepositsW2 credits2SC. A. Heinrich, T. Driesner, B. Lamy-Chappuis, O. Laurent, A. Quadt Wykradt-Hüchtenbruck, J. P. Weis
AbstractPresentations and literature discussions on current research topics in crustal fluids and mineral resources research.
ObjectiveProvide a deeper understanding in the selected research fields on hydrothermal processes and ore deposit formation. This is achieved by literature work as well as discussions of current BSc, MSc and PhD projects at the institute.
ContentThemen zur Hydrothermalgeochemie, Modellierung von Fluidprozessen, Mikroananlytik, Isotopen-Tracing von hydrothermalen Transportprozessen und der Bildung von Erzlagertätten
Prerequisites / NoticeRegister in MyStudies and send mail to Link, to be placed on distributor for the evolving program
651-4114-00LIllustrations in Natural History (University of Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: BIO271

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W1 credit1VUniversity lecturers
AbstractWe offer the opportunity to develop drawing skills which can be applied for scientific studies and publications. We emphasis the reproduction of natural objects with and without interpretations. Technical and 3D-drawings as well as descriptive geometry are not dealt with in this course.
Objective-the most important drawing techniques commonl applied in science
-accurate observation
-basic knowledge in image processing with PhotoShop
ContentIn this course, both classic and computer-based drawing and illustration-techniques are presented. We begin with sketches with the pencil and continue with Indian ink which we use for drawings using hatchings and dots. Finally, one drawing is carried out in detail with a pencil. This drawing will then be scanned and processed in PhotoShop. The emphasis is on practicing the methods.
Lecture notes-
Literaturenot mandatory!
Recommended:
Fischer, H. W. (1999): Naturwissenschaftliches Zeichnen und Illustrieren. Beringeria 3: 203 S., Würzburg.
Prerequisites / NoticePlease bring pencils (HB and 2H) as well as Indian ink-pens or fine black markers. In the second half of the semester, the students may bring their own laptops with PhotoShop because usually, we do not have enough computers in the lecture hall for all.
651-4273-00LNumerical Modelling in Fortran Information W3 credits2VP. Tackley
AbstractThis course gives an introduction to programming in FORTRAN95, and is suitable for students who have only minimal programming experience. The focus will be on Fortran 95, but Fortran 77 will also be covered for those working with already-existing codes. A hands-on approach will be emphasized rather than abstract concepts.
ObjectiveFORTRAN 95 is a modern programming language that is specifically designed for scientific and engineering applications. This course gives an introduction to programming in this language, and is suitable for students who have only minimal programming experience, for example with MATLAB scripts. The focus will be on Fortran 95, but Fortran 77 will also be covered for those working with already-existing codes. A hands-on approach will be emphasized rather than abstract concepts, using example scientific problems relevant to Earth science.
Lecture notesSee Link
651-4273-01LNumerical Modelling in Fortran (Project)
Prerequisite: 651-4273-00L Numerical Modelling in Fortran
W1 credit1UP. Tackley
AbstractThis course gives an introduction to programming in FORTRAN95, and is suitable for students who have only minimal programming experience. The focus will be on Fortran 95, but Fortran 77 will also be covered for those working with already-existing codes. A hands-on approach will be emphasized rather than abstract concepts.
ObjectiveFORTRAN 95 is a modern programming language that is specifically designed for scientific and engineering applications. This course gives an introduction to programming in this language, and is suitable for students who have only minimal programming experience, for example with MATLAB scripts. The focus will be on Fortran 95, but Fortran 77 will also be covered for those working with already-existing codes. A hands-on approach will be emphasized rather than abstract concepts, using example scientific problems relevant to Earth science.
ContentThe project consists of writing a Fortran program to solve a problem agreed upon between the instructor and student; the topic is often related to (and helps to advance) the student's Masters or PhD research. The project is typically started towards the end of the end of the main Fortran class when the student has acquired sufficient programming skills, and is due by the end of Semesterprüfung week.
Lecture notesSee Link
651-1392-00LPalaeontological Colloquium (University of Zurich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: BIO571

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
E-0 credits1KUniversity lecturers
Abstract
ObjectiveSpezielle Vertiefung paläontologischer Kenntnisse.
ContentVorträge von Institutsangehörigen und eingeladenen Gästen aus dem In- und Ausland über aktuelle Themen aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Paläontologie (Paläobotanik, Paläozoologie und Mikropaläontologie) mit anschliessender Diskussion.
651-4101-00LPhysics of Glaciers Information W3 credits3GM. Lüthi, G. Jouvet, F. T. Walter, M. Werder
AbstractUnderstanding glaciers and ice sheets with simple physical concepts. Topics include the reaction of glaciers to the climate, ice rheology, temperature in glaciers and ice sheets, glacier hydrology, glacier seismology, basal motion and calving glaciers. A special focus is the current development of Greenland and Antarctica.
ObjectiveAfter the course the students are able understand and interpret measurements of ice flow, subglacial water pressure and ice temperature. They will have an understanding of glaciology-related physical concepts sufficient to understand most of the contemporary literature on the topic. The students will be well equipped to work on glacier-related problems by numerical modeling, remote sensing, and field work.
ContentThe dynamics of glaciers and polar ice sheets is the key requisite to understand their history and their future evolution. We will take a closer look at ice deformation, basal motion, heat flow and glacier hydraulics. The specific dynamics of tide water and calving glaciers is investigated, as is the reaction of glaciers to changes in mass balance (and therefore climate).
Lecture notesLink
LiteratureA list of relevant literature is available on the class web site.
Prerequisites / NoticeGood high school mathematics and physics knowledge required.
651-4249-00LSemester Paper in Paleontology (University of Zürich) Information
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W3 credits7AUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
651-0254-00LSeminar Geochemistry and PetrologyE-0 credits2SO. Bachmann, M. Schönbächler, C. A. Heinrich, M. W. Schmidt, D. Vance
AbstractSeminar series with external and occasional internal speakers addressing current research topics. Changing programs announced via D-ERDW homepage (Veranstaltungskalender)
ObjectivePresentations on isotope geochemistry, cosmochemistry, fluid processes, economic geology, petrology, mineralogy and experimental studies. Mostly international speakers provide students, department members and interested guests with insight into current research topics in these fields.
ContentWöchentliches Seminar mit Fachvorträgen eingeladener oder interner Wissenschafter, vornehmlich zu Themen der Geochemie, Isotogengeologie, Hydrothermalgeochemie, Lagerstättenbildung, Petrologie, Mineralogie und experimentelle Studien.
651-1692-00LSeminar in Applied and Environmental GeophysicsE-0 credits1SH. Maurer, J. Robertsson
Abstract
Objective
651-2915-00LSeminar in HydrologyE-0 credits1SP. Burlando, J. W. Kirchner, S. Löw, D. Or, C. Schär, M. Schirmer, S. I. Seneviratne, M. Stähli, C. H. Stamm, University lecturers
Abstract
Objective
651-1694-00LSeminar in SeismologyE-0 credits1SS. Wiemer, D. Fäh, D. Giardini
AbstractShort seminars on a variety of popular topics in Seismology. The seminars present current problems and research activities in the seismological community.
ObjectiveUnderstanding of a broad scope of current problems and state-of-the-art practice in seismology.
651-1180-00LResearch Seminar Structural Geology and Tectonics Information E- Dr0 credits1SN. Mancktelow, J.‑P. Burg, M. Frehner
AbstractA seminar series with both invited speakers from both inside and outside the ETH.
ObjectiveThe seminar series provides an opportunity to convey the latest research results to students and staff.
ContentInformal seminars with both internal and external speakers on current topics in Structural Geology, Tectonics and Rock Physics. The current program is available at: Link
101-0317-00LTunnelling IW3 credits2GG. Anagnostou, E. Pimentel
AbstractBasic aspects of design and analysis of underground structures. Conventional tunnel construction methods. Auxiliary measures (ground improvement and drainage, forepoling, face reinforcement). Numerical analysis methods.
ObjectiveBasic aspects of design and analysis of underground structures. Conventional tunnel construction methods. Auxiliary measures (ground improvement and drainage, forepoling, face reinforcement). Numerical analysis methods.
ContentNumerical analysis methods in tunnelling.
Conventional excavation methods (full face, top heading and bench, side drift method, ...)
Auxiliary measures:
- Injections
- Jet grouting
- Ground freezing
- Drainage
- Forepoling
- Face reinforcement
Lecture notesAutographieblätter
LiteratureEmpfehlungen
651-1091-00LColloquium Department Earth SciencesE- Dr0 credits1KT. I. Eglinton
AbstractInvited speakers from the entire range of Earth Sciences.
ObjectiveSelected themes in sedimentology, tectonics, paläontology, geophysics, mineralogy, paleoclimate and engineering geology on a regional and global scale.
ContentAccording to variable program.
Lecture notesNo
LiteratureNo
651-2613-00LHumangeography III (Geographies of Difference) (Universität Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO232

Prerequisite: Human Geography II (UZH Module Code: GEO122)

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W5 credits1G + 2SUniversity lecturers
AbstractTeil GEO232.1:
Das Seminar verfolgt das Zeil, ein tieferes Verständnis für sozialwissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Humangeographie zu gewinnen.
Teil GEO232.2:
In der Vorlesung und den Tutorien werden aktuelle
wirtschaftsgeographische Themen behandelt. Demonstriert und erklärt wird insbesondere, wie die Wirtschaft mit Grenzen und Grenzziehungen umgeht.
Objective- Sie vertiefen ihre theoretischen, empirischen und methodischen
Fähigkeiten in folgenden Themenbereichen:
.
- Gesellschaft und Raum
- Gesellschaft und Entwicklung
- Gesellschaft und natürliche Umwelt/Ressourcen
- Offenheit und Geschlossenheit in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
- Chancen und Herausforderungen einer globalisierten Weltwirtschaft
.
- Sie sind in der Lage, Verknüpfungen zwischen grundlegenden sozial- und
wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Theorien und deren Konkretisierung in der
Geographie herzustellen.
- Sie können die erwähnten Themen mit ausgewähltem Faktenwissen
verknüpfen und diskutieren
- Sie schulen Ihre analytischen und theoretischen Fähigkeiten und können
diese in Diskussionen einbringen
- Sie können die Relevanz von weiterführenden wissenschaftlichen Texten
diskutieren und mit einem Ausgangstext verknüpfen
- Sie sind in der Lage, eine Diskussion über wissenschaftliche Themen zu
strukturieren und - mit einfachen Moderationstechniken - zu moderieren
Prerequisites / NoticeBesuch von GEO122.
651-2601-00LHuman Geography I: One Earth - Many Worlds (University of Zurich) Information
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO112

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W5 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
AbstractImparting of research questions and basic principles in Human Geography
ObjectiveTo get an overview about basic research questions and principles of Human Geography
Content(1) Society and space (2) Society and development (structure and dynamic of population, urbanisation, disparities (3) Society and natural environment (natural resources; food security, sustainability)
Lecture notesPowerPoint-slides (German)
LiteratureGebhardt, H., Glaser, R., Radtke, U. & Reuber, P. (eds.), 2011 (2.Auflage): Geographie. Physische Geographie und Humangeographie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg. (Lehrbuch Empfehlung)
651-4088-03LPhyisical Geography III (Geomorphology and Glaciology) (University of Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO231

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W5 credits1V + 1UUniversity lecturers
AbstractDas Modul bietet eine kurze Einführung in einige Komponenten und
Prozesse des hydrologischen Kreislaufes. Dabei werden einzelne
Wasserspeicher (Schnee,- Boden und Grundwasser) und Flüsse zwischen den Speichern (Verdunstung, Niederschlag und Abfluss) betrachtet. Übungen ergänzen die Vorlesung.
Objective
651-4088-01LPhyisical Geography I (Fundamentals and Spheres) (University of Zürich)
No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH.
UZH Module Code: GEO111

Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH:
Link
W5 credits2V + 2UUniversity lecturers
Abstract
Objective
651-1617-00LGeophysical Fluid Dynamics and Numerical Modelling Seminar Information E- Dr0 credits1SP. Tackley, M. D. Ballmer, T. Gerya, D. A. May
Abstract
Objective
651-4931-00LHeat and Mass Transfers in MagmatologyW Dr1 credit1SO. Bachmann, J. Leuthold
AbstractHeat and mass transfers in the crust control many aspects of the differentiation of our planet, including (1) type of volcanic eruptions we should expect at the surface of our planet, (2) the volcanic/plutonic ratio in the crust, and (3) how volcanic degassing occurs, with important consequences on the climate response following volcanic eruptions.
ObjectiveThe goal of this class is to learn about the modern methods and ideas on heat and mass transfers in magmatology through recently published papers and computer softwares. The class will allow students to explore some of the most challenging concepts in this field, and become familiar with state-of-the-art techniques to model these processes.
ContentThe class will focus mostly on reading recent literature on topics of interests, and will contain some computer exercises to allow students to work by themselves on some well-defined problems.
651-1091-02LGeological ColloquiumE- Dr0 credits2KJ.‑P. Burg, P. Nievergelt
AbstractInvited speakers from the entire range of Earth Sciences.
ObjectiveSelected themes in sedimentology, tectonics, paläontology, geophysics, mineralogy, paleoclimate and engineering geology on a regional and global scale.
ContentAccording to variable program.
Lecture notesNo
LiteratureNo
Prerequisites / NoticeThe presentations are held in German. Membership of the Geological Society in Zurich is not required.
651-3280-00LEarth Science Excursions Restricted registration - show details
Only for MSc and doctorate students of D-ERDW. Only for excursions that are not part of the BSc excursion program 2.-6. semester.

Further information and additional registration on Link
W1 credit2PP. Brack
AbstractAdvanced Earth Science Excursions for students with a special interest in Earth Science field studies.
Objective
Prerequisites / NoticeOnly for excursions outside of the Bachelor excursions 2.-6. semester program. The program varies from year to year, details published on Link
651-2001-00LSemester Research Project Restricted registration - show details W3 credits6ALecturers
AbstractSmall individual research project done by a student and supervised by a Professor/Dozent/Oberassistent of D-ERDW. The content of each project is unique and is defined by the supervisor. The project consists of research activity aimed at producing new scientific results and/or data. Short scientific report/paper is written by the student, which serves as a basis for project grading.
Objective- To learn logic, content and methodology of research aimed at producing new scientific results and/or data.
- To familiarize with research procedures in a selected scientific area.
- To obtain experience in writing scientific reports/papers.
- To get prepared for a MSc project.
ContentThe content of each project is unique. This content is defined by the supervisor and discussed with the student, who agrees to take the project. The project should mainly consist of research activity aimed at producing new scientific results and/or data and cannot be limited to a literature work. Short scientific report is written by the student at the end of the project, which serves as a basis for the project grading.
Prerequisites / NoticeGrading criteria for the Semester project is similar to these for an MSc project according to the assessment criteria of the MSc Project Proposal.
» Choice of courses from the complete offerings in Earth Sciences MSc
GESS Science in Perspective
» Recommended Science in Perspective (Type B) for D-ERDW.
» see Science in Perspective: Type A: Enhancement of Reflection Capability
» see Science in Perspective: Language Courses ETH/UZH
Master's Project Proposal
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4060-00LMSc Project Proposal
The MSc Project Proposal is only offered in autumn semester, a registration in spring semester is subject to special approval by the study director.

The introductory lecture for all majors on "Conduct as a Scientist" will be taught at the beginning of spring semester 2017 on Tuesday February 21, 2017 at 16:15 during the Engineering Geology Seminar.
O10 credits21AS. Löw, Lecturers
AbstractThe main purpose of the Master Project Proposal is to help students organize ideas, material and objectives for their Master Thesis, and to begin development of communication skills.
ObjectiveThe main objectives of the Master Project Proposal are to demonstrate
the following abilities:
- to formulate a scientific question
- to present scientific approach to solve the problem
- to interpret, discuss and communicate scientific results in written form
- to gain experience in writing a scientific proposal
Master's Thesis
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-4062-00LMaster's Thesis Restricted registration - show details
Only students who fulfill the following criteria are allowed to begin with their master thesis:
a. successful completion of the bachelor programme;
b. fulfilling of any additional requirements necessary to gain admission to the master programme;
c. have successful completed the MSc Project Proposal
O30 credits64DLecturers
Abstract
Objective
Course Units for Additional Admission Requirements
The courses below are only available for MSc students with additional admission requirements.
NumberTitleTypeECTSHoursLecturers
651-3001-AALDynamic Earth I and II Information
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-11 credits24RE. Kissling, M. Schönbächler
AbstractProvides a basic introduction into Earth Sciences, emphasizing different rock-types and the geological rock-cycle, as well as introduction into geophysics and plate tectonic theory.
ObjectiveUnderstanding basic geological and geophysical processes
ContentOverview of the Earth as a system, with emphasis on plate tectonic theory and the geological rock-cycle. Provides a basic introduction to crystals and minerals and different rock-types. Lectures include processes in the Earth's interior, physics of the earth, planetology, introduction to magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Excercises are conducted in small groups to provide more in depth understanding of concepts and content of the lectures.
Lecture noteswerden abgegeben.
LiteratureGrotzinger, J., Jordan, T.H., Press, F., Siever, R., 2007, Understanding Earth, W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, 5th Ed.
Press, F. Siever, R., Grotzinger, J. & Jordon, T.H., 2008, Allgemeine Geologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, 5.Auflage.
Prerequisites / NoticeExercises and short excursions in small groups (10-15 students) will be lead by student assistants. Specific topics in earth sciences will be discussed using examples and case studies. Hand samples of the major rock types will be described and interpreted. Short excursions in the region of Zurich will permit direct experience with earth science processes (e.g. earth surface processes) and recognition of earth science problems and solutions relevant for modern society (e.g. building materials, water resources). Working in small groups will allow for discussion and examination of actual earth science themes.
651-3050-AALFundamentals of Geophysics
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-6 credits13RP. Tackley, T. Gerya
Abstract
Objective
651-3070-AALFundamentals of Geology
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-6 credits13RS. Bernasconi, J.‑P. Burg, C. A. Heinrich, S. Löw
Abstract
Objective
651-3400-AALFundamentals of Geochemistry
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-6 credits21RT. Driesner, O. Bachmann
Abstract
Objective
406-0243-AALAnalysis I and II Information
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-14 credits30RM. Akveld, C. Busch
AbstractMathematical tools for the engineer
ObjectiveMathematics as a tool to solve engineering problems. Mathematical formulation of technical and scientific problems. Basic mathematical knowledge for engineers.
ContentComplex numbers.
Calculus for functions of one variable with applications.
Simple Mathematical models in engineering.

Multi variable calculus: gradient, directional derivative, chain rule, Taylor expansion, Lagrange multipliers. Multiple integrals: coordinate transformations, path integrals, integrals over surfaces, divergence theorem, applications in physics. Ordinary differential equations.
LiteratureTextbooks in English:
- J. Stewart: Calculus, Cengage Learning, 2009, ISBN 978-0-538-73365-6.
- J. Stewart: Multivariable Calculus, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
- V. I. Smirnov: A course of higher mathematics. Vol. II. Advanced calculus.
- W. L. Briggs, L. Cochran: Calculus: Early Transcendentals: International Edition, Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-321-65193-8.
Textbooks in German:
- M. Akveld, R. Sperb: Analysis I, vdf
- M. Akveld, R. Sperb: Analysis II, vdf
- L. Papula: Mathematik für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler, Vieweg Verlag
- L. Papula: Mathematik für Ingenieure 2, Vieweg Verlag
406-0062-AALPhysics I
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-5 credits11RA. Vaterlaus
AbstractIntroduction to the concepts and tools in physics: mechanics of point-like and rigid bodies, elasticity theory, elements of hydrostatics and hydrodynamics, periodic motion and mechanical waves.
ObjectiveIntroduction to the scientific methodology. The student should develop his/her capability to turn physical observations into mathematical models, and to solve the latter.
The student should acquire an overview over the basic concepts in mechanics.
ContentBook:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Douglas C. Giancoli, Pearson Education (2009), ISBN: 978-0-13-157849-4

Chapters:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (without: 6-5, 6-6, 6-8), 7, 8 (without 8-9), 9, 10 (without 10-10), 11 (without 11-7), 13 (without 13-13, 13-14), 14 (without 14-6), 15 (without 15-3, 15-5)
Literaturesee "Content"

Friedhelm Kuypers
Physik für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler
Band 1: Mechanik und Thermodynamik
Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002, 544 S, ca.: Fr. 68.-
651-3521-AALTectonics
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-3 credits6RT. Gerya, E. Kissling
AbstractComprehensive understanding of role and evolution of oceanic and continental lithosphere in global plate tectonics and evolution of earth. Understanding principles of theoretical and experimental geothermics and fundamentals of mantle and lithosphere rheologies.
ObjectiveComprehensive understanding of role and evolution of oceanic and continental lithosphere in global plate tectonics and evolution of earth. Understanding principles of theoretical and experimental geothermics and fundamentals of mantle and lithosphere rheologies.
ContentConcept of lithosphere-asthenosphere system in plate tectonics. Physics, chemistry, and rheology of crust and uppermost mantle. Thermal, chemical, and mechanical evolution and destruction/subduction of oceanic lithosphere and evolution of continents. Continental growth, example Europe. Fundamentals of rheology and geothermics of the mantle-lithosphere-crust system.
Lecture notesDetailed scriptum in digital form and additional learning moduls (Link) available on intranet.
Literaturesee list in scriptum.
Prerequisites / NoticePPT-files of each lecture may be played back for rehearsal on Link.
529-2001-AALChemistry I and II Information
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-9 credits19RH. Grützmacher, W. Uhlig
AbstractGeneral Chemistry I and II: Chemical bond and molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, kinetics, acids and bases, electrochemistry
ObjectiveIntroduction to general and inorganic chemistry. Basics of the composition and the change of the material world. Introduction to the thermodynamically controlled physico-chemical processes. Macroscopic phenomena and their explanation through atomic and molecular properties. Using the theories to solve qualitatively and quantitatively chemical and ecologically relevant problems.
Content1. Stoichiometry

2. Atoms and Elements (Quantenmechanical Model of the Atom)

3. Chemical Bonding

4. Thermodynamics

5. Chemical Kinetics

6. Chemical Equilibrium (Acids and Bases, Solubility Equilibria)

7. Electrochemistry
Lecture notesNivaldo J. Tro
Chemistry - A molecular Approach (Pearson), Chapter 1-18
LiteratureHousecroft and Constable, CHEMISTRY
Oxtoby, Gillis, Nachtrieb, MODERN CHEMISTRY
406-0603-AALStochastics (Probability and Statistics)
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-4 credits9RM. Kalisch
AbstractIntroduction to basic methods and fundamental concepts of statistics and probability theory for non-mathematicians. The concepts are presented on the basis of some descriptive examples. Learning the statistical program R for applying the acquired concepts will be a central theme.
ObjectiveThe objective of this course is to build a solid fundament in probability and statistics. The student should understand some fundamental concepts and be able to apply these concepts to applications in the real world. Furthermore, the student should have a basic knowledge of the statistical programming language "R".
ContentFrom "Statistics for research" (online)
Ch 1: The Role of Statistics
Ch 2: Populations, Samples, and Probability Distributions
Ch 3: Binomial Distributions
Ch 6: Sampling Distribution of Averages
Ch 7: Normal Distributions
Ch 8: Student's t Distribution
Ch 9: Distributions of Two Variables

From "Introductory Statistics with R (online)"
Ch 1: Basics
Ch 2: The R Environment
Ch 3: Probability and distributions
Ch 4: Descriptive statistics and tables
Ch 5: One- and two-sample tests
Ch 6: Regression and correlation
Literature- "Statistics for research" by S. Dowdy et. al. (3rd
edition); Print ISBN: 9780471267355; Online ISBN: 9780471477433; DOI:
10.1002/0471477435
From within the ETH, this book is freely available online under:
Link

- "Introductory Statistics with R" by Peter Dalgaard; ISBN
978-0-387-79053-4; DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-79054-1
From within the ETH, this book is freely available online under:
Link
651-3525-AALIntroduction to Engineering Geology
Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement.

Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.
E-3 credits6RS. Löw
AbstractThis introductory course starts from a descriptions of the behavior and phenomena of soils and rocks under near surface loading conditions and their key geotechnical properties. Lab and field methods for the characterization of soils, rocks and rock masses are introduced. Finally practical aspects of ground engineering, including tunneling and landslide hazards are presented.
ObjectiveUnderstanding the basic geotechnical and geomechanical properties and processes of rocks and soils. Understanding the interaction of rock and soil masses with technical systems. Understanding the fundamentals of geological hazards.
ContentRock, soil and rock mass: scale effects and fundamental geotechnical properties. Soil mechanical properties and their determination. Rock mechanical properties and their determination. Fractures: geotechnical properties and their determination. Geotechnical classification of intact rock, soils and rock masses. Natural and induced stresses in rock and soil. Interaction of soil masses with surface loads, water and excavations. Slope instability mechanisms and stability analyses. Underground excavation instability mechanisms and rock deformation. Geological mass wasting processes.
Lecture notesWritten course documentation available under "Kursunterlagen".
LiteraturePRINZ, H. & R. Strauss (2006): Abriss der Ingenieurgeologie. - 671 S., 4. Aufl., Elsevier GmbH (Spektrum Verlag).

CADUTO, D.C. (1999): Geotechnical Engineering, Principles and Practices. 759 S., 1. Aufl., (Prentice Hall)

LANG, H.-J., HUDER, J. & AMMAN, P. (1996): Bodenmechanik und Grundbau. Das Verhalten von Böden und die wichtigsten grundbaulichen Konzepte. - 320 S., 5.Aufl., Berlin, Heidelberg etc. (Springer).

HOEK, E. (2007): Practical Rock Engineering - Course Notes. Link

HUDSON, J.A. & HARRISON, J.P. (1997): Engineering Rock Mechanics. An Introduction to the Principles. - 444 S. (Pergamon).