701-0401-00L Hydrosphere

Abstract	The course aims to describe the relevant processes that control the terrestrial water cycle. Energy and mass exchange, mixing and transport processes are described and the coupling of the hydrosphere with the atmosphere and the solid Earth are discussed.
Learning objective	Qualitative and quantitative understanding on how physical (and geochemical) processes control the natural dynamics in groundwater, lakes ans oceans and constrain the exchange of mass and energy.
Content	Topics of the course. Physical properties of water (i.e. density and equation of state) - global water resources Exchange at boundaries - energy (thermal & kinetic), gas exchange Mixing and transport processes in open waters - vertical stratification, large scale transport - turbulence and mixing - mixing and exchange processes in rivers Groundwater and its dynamics - ground water as part of the terrestrial water cycle - ground water hydraulics, Darcy's law - aquifers and their properties - hydrochemistry and tracer - ground water use Case studies - 1. Water as resource, 2. Water and climate
Lecture notes	In addition to the suggested literature handouts are distributed.
Literature	Suggested literature. a) Park, Ch., 2001, The Environment, Routledge, 2001 b) Fitts, C.R., 2013. Groundwater Science. 2nd ed., Academic Press, Amsterdam.
Prerequisites / Notice	The case studies and the analysis of the questions and problems are integral part of the course.